Endosperm Development after Fusion of Isolated, Single Maize Sperm and Central Cells in Vitro

Kranz, Erhard; Wiegen, Petra von; Quader, H.; Lörz, Horst

doi:10.1105/tpc.10.4.511

Cited by 86 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Maize zygotes produced in vitro by electrical fusion of an egg cell with a sperm cell develop into an asymmetric two-celled embryo, proembryo and transition-phase embryo via zygotic embryogenesis in a similar manner to that in planta (Kranz and Lo¨rz 1993;Kranz et al 1995). Moreover, in the case of in vitro fusion of a maize central cell with a sperm cell, the resultant primary endosperm cell develops into a syncytium, in which nuclear division occurs without cell wall formation, and the syncytium finally develops into an early endosperm filled with starch granules (Kranz et al 1998). These suggest that the in vitro fertilization system is suitable for preparing plant materials that can be directly used as starting materials for investigating the molecular mechanisms of early embryogenesis and endosperm formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Isolation of gametes and central cells from Oryza sativa L.

et al. 2006

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In vitro fertilization system of higher plants has been well established using maize gametes and central cells, which can produce embryos and endosperms. In the present study, procedures for isolating gametes and central cells from rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Nipponbare), a model plant, are reported with the goal of establishing rice in vitro fertilization system. Egg cells and central cells were isolated by manual manipulation of enzymetreated unpollinated ovules, and an alternative direct isolation method for egg cells that does not use enzymatic treatment was also established. Fluorescent visualization of the granular structures in the cytoplasm of isolated egg cells and the nucleoli in two polar nuclei of isolated central cells suggest that these cells are reliable gametes and central cells. For sperm cell isolation, the contents of rice pollen grains were released by osmotic pressure-induced bursting of the grains. In addition, electrofusion with isolated gametes was successfully conducted.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Isolation of gametes and central cells from Oryza sativa L.

et al. 2006

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“…Additionally, the results support an independent pathway of embryo and endosperm development. Such an independent pathway of development has been experimentally demonstrated through In vitro culture of isolated, fertilized egg cells that form embryos unaccompanied by endosperm (Kranz and Lo¨rz, 1993), and conversely, by endosperm formation from In vitro fertilized central cells in the absence of an embryo (Kranz et al 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

In vitro culture promotes partial autonomous endosperm development in unfertilized ovules of wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana var. Columbia

2005

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Partial endosperm development without paternal genome involvement was induced in unpollinated ovaries of wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana cultured in vitro. Unpollinated pistils were cultured on hormonefree Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with addition of 6% sucrose and supplemented with: benzylaminopurine (BAP; 2 mg l À1 ) combined with naphthylacetic acid (NAA; 0.1 mg l À1 ), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D; explants exposed to 1-h auxin shock 20 or 40 mg l À1 , and transferred to hormone-free MS medium). Initiation of autonomous endosperm (AE) development was induced on all media used in 54 ovules from 39 cultured ovaries (26%), with an average frequency of 1.4 ovules/ovary. The highest frequency of partial endosperm formation occurred on media combining the two growth regulators BAP and NAA (59% of ovaries had ovules with AE), although endosperm development was also induced on hormone-free medium (in 20.5% of ovaries). The number of AE nuclei ranged from 2 to $50, depending on the day of culture and medium; neither cellularization nor differentiation on specific regions typical for endosperm of wild-type Arabidopsis, were noted. Fertilization independent endosperm most probably originated from the secondary nucleus, but involvement of the polar nuclei could not be excluded, as indicated by nuclear size and structure. In vitro conditions did not influence egg cell proliferation. Gynogenic embryos were observed neither in the ovules with autonomous endosperm nuclei nor in ovules without endosperm induction.

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“…Synthesis of a new cell wall starts as early as 30 s after fusion of the gametes . Fusion of the two parental nuclei can take place 35 min after fusion (Tirlapur et al 1995), but generally karyogamy occurs between 45 and 120 min after in vitro fertilization of egg cells (Faure et al 1993;Kranz et al 1998). Two nucleoli were observed in zygotes 18 h after in vitro fertilization .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In maize, both fertilization processes are possible in vitro by electrofusion of isolated gametes and central cells. These in vitro fertilized egg and central cells are able to develop in culture and are capable of self-organization in a typical manner independently from maternal tissue (Kranz et al 1991;Kranz et al 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro fertilization and expression of transgenes in gametes and zygotes

Scholten¹,

Kranz²

2001

Sexual Plant Reproduction

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The in vitro fertilization system of maize is the well characterized model system for the fertilization process and early zygotic embryogenesis of higher plants. Application of molecular methods to the in vitro fertilization system led to the isolation of new genes and uncovered specific expression patterns of cell cycle regulators. Recent studies showed that expression of transgenes is possible in gametes and zygotes, thus transgenic approaches might offer an opportunity to unravel the roles of genes during fertilization and early development. The competence of gametes and zygotes to express transgenes will also enable the expression of GFP based reporter genes for the visualization of subcellular components in these cells in vivo. This review focuses on the data concerning the expression of transgenes in gametes and zygotes and describes some examples of recent developments in transgenic technology illustrating the emerging possibilities in experimental design by combining this technology with in vitro fertilization.

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Endosperm Development after Fusion of Isolated, Single Maize Sperm and Central Cells in Vitro

Cited by 86 publications

References 42 publications

Isolation of gametes and central cells from Oryza sativa L.

Isolation of gametes and central cells from Oryza sativa L.

In vitro culture promotes partial autonomous endosperm development in unfertilized ovules of wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana var. Columbia

In vitro fertilization and expression of transgenes in gametes and zygotes

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