Endosymbionts of Acanthamoeba Isolated from Domestic Tap Water in Korea

Choi, Seon Hee; Cho, Min Kyoung; Ahn, Soon Cheol; Lee, Ji Eun; Lee, Jong Soo; Kim, Dong‐Hee; Xuan, Yang; Hong, Yeon Chul; Kong, Hyun-Hee; Chung, Dong Il; Yu, Hak Sun

doi:10.3347/kjp.2009.47.4.337

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 32 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…are ubiquitous free-living amoebae and function as predators, controlling microbial communities. These protists are common in the environment and previously have been detected in some domestic tap water samples [115], mineral BW, and laboratory distilled water [116]. In this study, Acanthamoeba palestinensis was detected in all DW samples except artesian and reprocessed tap BW.…”

Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 57%

A comparative analysis of drinking water employing metagenomics

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The microbiological content of drinking water traditionally is determined by employing culture-dependent methods that are unable to detect all microorganisms, especially those that are not culturable. High-throughput sequencing now makes it possible to determine the microbiome of drinking water. Thus, the natural microbiota of water and water distribution systems can now be determined more accurately and analyzed in significantly greater detail, providing comprehensive understanding of the microbial community of drinking water applicable to public health. In this study, shotgun metagenomic analysis was performed to determine the microbiological content of drinking water and to provide a preliminary assessment of tap, drinking fountain, sparkling natural mineral, and non-mineral bottled water. Predominant bacterial species detected were members of the phyla Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria, notably the genera Alishewanella, Salmonella, and Propionibacterium in non-carbonated non-mineral bottled water, Methyloversatilis and Methylibium in sparkling natural mineral water, and Mycobacterium and Afipia in tap and drinking fountain water. Fecal indicator bacteria, i.e., Escherichia coli or enterococci, were not detected in any samples examined in this study. Bacteriophages and DNA encoding a few virulence-associated factors were detected but determined to be present only at low abundance. Antibiotic resistance markers were detected only at abundance values below our threshold of confidence. DNA of opportunistic plant and animal pathogens was identified in some samples and these included bacteria (Mycobacterium spp.), protozoa (Acanthamoeba mauritaniensis and Acanthamoeba palestinensis), and fungi (Melampsora pinitorqua and Chryosporium queenslandicum). Archaeal DNA (Candidatus Nitrosoarchaeum) was detected only in sparkling natural mineral water. This preliminary study reports the complete microbiome (bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protists) of selected types of drinking water employing whole-genome high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics. Investigation into activity and function of the organisms detected is in progress.

show abstract

Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 57%

A comparative analysis of drinking water employing metagenomics

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The strongest positive correlation with L. pneumophila numbers was a Legionella OTU (OTU69) ( ρ = 0.47) . The second highest correlation was with an OTU with a high sequence similarity to Methylophilus ( ρ = 0.37), which is a known endosymbiont of Acanthamoeba [ 45 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive effects of temperature, organic carbon, and pipe material on microbiota composition and Legionella pneumophila in hot water plumbing systems

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundSeveral biotic and abiotic factors have been reported to influence the proliferation of microbes, including Legionella pneumophila, in hot water premise plumbing systems, but their combined effects have not been systematically evaluated. Here, we utilize simulated household water heaters to examine the effects of stepwise increases in temperature (32–53 °C), pipe material (copper vs. cross-linked polyethylene (PEX)), and influent assimilable organic carbon (0–700 μg/L) on opportunistic pathogen gene copy numbers and the microbiota composition, as determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.ResultsTemperature had an overarching influence on both the microbiota composition and L. pneumophila numbers. L. pneumophila peaked at 41 °C in the presence of PEX (1.58 × 105 gene copies/mL). At 53 °C, L. pneumophila was not detected. Several operational taxonomic units (OTUs) persisted across all conditions, accounting for 50% of the microbiota composition from 32 to 49 °C and 20% at 53 °C. Pipe material most strongly influenced microbiota composition at lower temperatures, driven by five to six OTUs enriched with each material. Copper pipes supported less L. pneumophila than PEX pipes (mean 2.5 log10 lower) at temperatures ≤ 41 °C, but showed no difference in total bacterial numbers. Differences between pipe materials diminished with elevated temperature, probably resulting from decreased release of copper ions. At temperatures ≤ 45 °C, influent assimilable organic carbon correlated well with total bacterial numbers, but not with L. pneumophila numbers. At 53 °C, PEX pipes leached organic carbon, reducing the importance of dosed organic carbon. L. pneumophila numbers correlated with a Legionella OTU and a Methylophilus OTU identified by amplicon sequencing.ConclusionsTemperature was the most effective factor for the control of L. pneumophila, while microbiota composition shifted with each stepwise temperature increase. While copper pipe may also help shape the microbiota composition and limit L. pneumophila proliferation, its benefits might be constrained at higher temperatures. Influent assimilable organic carbon affected total bacterial numbers, but had minimal influence on opportunistic pathogen gene numbers or microbiota composition. These findings provide guidance among multiple control measures for the growth of opportunistic pathogens in hot water plumbing and insight into the mediating role of microbial ecological factors.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s40168-017-0348-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

show abstract

“…Besides, it was reported that Methylophilus spp. can live in the cytoplasm of Acanthamoeba isolated from domestic tap water in Korea (Choi et al 2009). The isolated Methylophilus bacteria are strictly aerobic, obligate methylotrophs using methanol as the growth substrate, and can form EPS (Doronina et al 2005;Gogleva et al 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of bacteria and mycobacteria in biofilms of two urban drinking water distribution systems

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2012

Can. J. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study, to give insight into the bacterial diversity of biofilms from full-scale drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs), the bacterial community compositions of biofilms from two urban DWDSs (Guangzhou and Beijing, China) were determined using a 16S rRNA gene library technique. Meanwhile, the occurrence and diversity of mycobacteria were also analyzed by a Mycobacterium -specific hsp gene assay. The biofilms from the full-scale DWDSs have complex bacterial populations. Proteobacteria was the common and predominant group in all biofilm samples, in agreement with previous reports. The community structures of bacteria at the three sites in Guangzhou DWDS were significantly different, despite the similar physicochemical properties of portable water. Some abundant and peculiar bacterial phylotypes were noteworthy, including Methylophilus , Massilia , and Planomicrobium , members of which are rarely found in DWDSs and their roles in DWDS biofilms are still unclear. The diversity of Mycobacterium species in biofilm samples was rather low. Mycobacterium arupense and Mycobacterium gordonae were the primary Mycobacterium species in Guangzhou and Beijing biofilms, respectively, indicating that M. arupense may be more resistant to chloride than M. gordonae.

show abstract

Endosymbionts of Acanthamoeba Isolated from Domestic Tap Water in Korea

Cited by 17 publications

References 32 publications

A comparative analysis of drinking water employing metagenomics

A comparative analysis of drinking water employing metagenomics

Interactive effects of temperature, organic carbon, and pipe material on microbiota composition and Legionella pneumophila in hot water plumbing systems

Diversity of bacteria and mycobacteria in biofilms of two urban drinking water distribution systems

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About