Endothelial dysfunction: developmental mechanisms and therapeutic strategies

Abstract

Introduction: Every year the importance of the normal functioning of the endothelial layer of the vascular wall in maintaining the health of the body becomes more and more obvious. The physiological role of the endothelium: The endothelium is a metabolically active organ actively involved in the regulation of hemostasis, modulation of inflammation, maintenance of hemovascular homeostasis, regulation of angiogenesis, vascular tone, and permeability. Risk factors for the development of endothelial dysfunction: Currently, insufficient bioavailability of nitric oxide is considered the most significant risk factor for endothelial dysfunction. Mechanisms of development of endothelial dysfunction: The genesis of endothelial dysfunction is a multifactorial process. Among various complex mechanisms, this review examines oxidative stress, inflammation, hyperglycemia, vitamin D deficiency, dyslipidemia, excess visceral fat, hyperhomocysteinemia, hyperuricemia, as well as primary genetic defect of endotheliocytes, as the most common causes in the population underlying the development of endothelial dysfunction. Markers of endothelial dysfunction in various diseases: This article discusses the main biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction currently used, as well as promising biomarkers in the future for laboratory diagnosis of this pathology. Therapeutic strategies: Therapeutic approaches to the endothelium in order to prevent or reduce a degree of damage to the vascular wall are briefly described. Conclusion: Endothelial dysfunction is a typical pathological process involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Thus, pharmacological agents with endothelioprotective properties can provide more therapeutic benefits than a drug without such an effect.

Diagnostic analysis of toxic damage due to a dose of zoledronic acid

“…The deficiency of isoleucine and leucine, in turn, was reflected in the loss of muscle mass, as it has been proved that it has an important role in obtaining energy from muscle glycogen, and its deficiency led to the manifestation of hypoglycemia (Anastasilakis et al 2022;Gandylyan et al 2023). The identified arginine deficiency contributed to endothelial dysfunction in vascular wall function (Shcheblykin et al 2022). A number of morphological studies revealed significant lipid deposits in the arterial intima, which was clinically manifested by increased blood viscosity with signs of progressively developing atherosclerosis.…”

Studying the possibilities of pharmacological correction of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension using a phenolic compound with a laboratory cypher KUD975

“…Изучение фармакологической активности селективного ингибитора аргиназы-2 и тромбина из группы соединений фенольной природы с лабораторным шифром КУД975 на модели артериальной легочной гипертензии, индуцированной гипоксией. [21,22].…”