Endothelial microparticles exert differential effects on functions of Th1 in patients with acute coronary syndrome

Abstract

EMPs may be involved in the immune and inflammatory processes that take part in artery atherosclerosis and that they do so by regulating Th1/Th2 differentiation and function. They may play an important role in the pathogenesis of coronary atherosclerosis and plaque instability.

Dynamic microvesicle release and clearance within the cardiovascular system: triggers and mechanisms

“…Several studies, which have utilized both flow cytometry and microscopy, show release of endothelial and monocyte MVs from cell lines after exposure to pro-inflammatory cytokines [56][57][58][59]. This release has then been linked to the up-regulation of adhesion molecules and release of inflammatory markers in response to the MVs themselves when they are incubated with cells [2,57,58,[60][61][62]. It might therefore be expected that pro-inflammatory conditions also trigger MV release in vivo and that treatments which reduce inflammation in turn reduce circulating MVs.…”

“…MVs released from the surface of cells have been of particular interest because they express markers that indicate changes in the apoptosis or activation state of their cell of origin, thereby providing a means to deduct the status of a tissue or organ from the nature and quantity of the vesicles present in the circulation [1]. The present review focuses on these larger cellsurface-derived MVs as there is now consistent evidence that the absolute level of these circulating MVs in the circulation varies in different cardiovascular conditions [2][3][4][5][6]. It is important to note emerging evidence which suggests that exosomes cannot be easily divided from MVs by size, and that many techniques are unable to distinguish between them.…”

Extracellular vesicles as mediators of vascular inflammation in kidney disease

“…Endot helial EVs enhanced CD4 + T cell proliferation in mixed lymphocyte reaction via modulation of dendritic cell maturation, resulting in enhanced TNFa and IFNγ secretion [169] . Similarly, EVs from TNFastimulated HUVECs induced TH1 differentiation in human PBMCs [184] . Erythrocyte EVs induced T cell proliferation indirectly via monocyte derived antigen presenting cell polarization.…”

The Secretome-Modified Endothelial Cell Microparticles: Novel Player in the Endothelium Reparation: The Role of Endothelial Cell-Derived Microparticles?

“…It is suggested that the epigenetic modification of the parent cells might directly impact on functionality of secreted MPs and their ability to influence various biological effects [32]. Indeed, the endothelial cell-derived MPs isolated from the serum of patients with diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, heart failure and atherosclerosis are defective in induction of vascular relaxation, maturation of progenitor cells and endothelium repair [33][34][35][36]. As factors contributing in the response of the target cells after MP stimulation they could be pointed inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-[IL] 4, IL-17), glucose, advanced glycation end-products, uremic toxins, free DNA, products of lipid peroxidation [37].…”