Endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the human placenta: Regional distribution and proposed regulatory role at the feto-maternal interface☆

Buttery, Lee D.K.; McCarthy, Andrew L.; Springall, David R.; Sullivan, Mark; Elder, M. G.; Michel, Thomas; Polak, Julia M.

doi:10.1016/0143-4004(94)90017-5

Cited by 120 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…4A, B) immunostaining was observed mainly in syncytiotrophoblast cells and endothelial cells. Myatt et al [14,16,17], Conrad et al [15] and Buttery et al [13] reported that eNOS expression was observed in trophoblast cells in the human placenta. These findings are relevant to our present results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three isoforms of NOS have been identified to date, two of which are constitutively expressed as neuronal NOS (nNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS) requiring calcium/ calmodulin for their activity, whereas inducible NOS (iNOS) is calcium/calmodulin independent [11,12]. Biochemical experiments demonstrated the presence of eNOS in the feto-placental vasculature or dissected placental villous tissue [13][14][15][16]. However, some investigators have also provided evidence for calcium/calmodulin-independent iNOS activity in placental tissues [15,[17][18][19], although other researchers reported that iNOS mRNA expression was not detected in normal human placental tissues by RT-PCR analysis [20,21].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Expression of Nitric Oxide Synthase Isoforms in the Human Placenta Is Not Altered by Labor

et al. 2003

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Abstract. Nitric oxide has various biological activities including smooth muscle relaxation, anti-inflammatory activity, anti-coagulatory activity. As the human placenta is known to express nitric oxide synthases, this study investigated the possible effect of labor on the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in human placental tissues at term. Both eNOS and iNOS mRNA expression in placental tissues in labor were significantly higher than those in the amnion, chorion laeve, decidua vera and myometrium. The eNOS mRNA and protein expressions in placental tissues in labor (n = 12) were 1.6023 ± 0.1652 (eNOS/GAPDH, mean ± SEM) and 12.8 ± 1.3 arbitrary units (AU), respectively, which were similar to those not in labor (n = 10), 1.5806 ± 0.2042 (eNOS/GAPDH) and 11.4 ± 1.8 AU. The iNOS mRNA and protein expressions in the placental tissues in labor were 1.2831 ± 0.2436 (iNOS/GAPDH) and 10.7 ± 2.1 AU respectively, similar to those not in labor, 1.9254 ± 0.8004 (iNOS/GAPDH) and 13.3 ± 1.8 AU. The guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) cocentration in the placental tissues in labor was 23.6 ± 1.4 fmol/g wet tissue, similar to that not in labor, 26.1 ± 2.0 fmol/g wet tissue. These findings suggest that nitric oxide production in the human placenta is maintained during labor.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Expression of Nitric Oxide Synthase Isoforms in the Human Placenta Is Not Altered by Labor

et al. 2003

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“…Using the perfused placental cotyledon preparation, Myatt, Brewer & Brockman (1991) have shown that infusion of an inhibitor of the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS) leads to an increase in perfusion pressure. The constitutive calcium-dependent endothelial isoform of NOS (eNOS) has also been identified by immunohistochemical techniques to be present in placental vessels (Myatt, Brockman, Eis & Pollock, 1993;Buttery, McCarthy, Springall, Sullivan, Elder & Polak, 1994) and, perhaps surprisingly, to show strong staining in the syncytiotrophoblast. In our laboratory we have used an isolated artery preparation to show the in vitro release of NO by small fetoplacental arteries.…”

Section: Clinical and Experimental Evaluation Of Placental Blood Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

The control of blood flow to the placenta

Poston¹

1997

Experimental Physiology

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SUMMARYThe maintenance of adequate blood flow to the placenta is essential for the successful outcome of pregnancy. The placental vascular bed is often regarded as a low-resistance circulation in which blood flow is determined by the fetal cardiac output, but in pregnancies associated with growth retardation, and for reasons unknown, vascular resistance increases and blood flow is compromised. This review concentrates on recent advances in our understanding of the factors that may influence fetoplacental blood flow, with particular emphasis upon the circulation of the human placenta. The placenta has no neuronal input and vascular resistance is entirely determined by humoral and structural factors. In the absence of catecholamine sensitivity, constrictor prostanoids and endothelin may be important constrictor agonists, whereas nitric oxide is now considered to contribute to tonic reduction in vascular resistance. Little is known of the relative contributions of these vasoactive agents in the elevation of fetoplacental vascular resistance, but recent evidence points to an important role for altered vascular structure in growth-retarded pregnancies.

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“…Most studies hitherto have used immunohistochemical or histochemical techniques to examine the distribution of NOS in the normal umbilical cord and placenta (Springall et al, 1992;Myatt et al, 1993a;Buttery et al, 1994b), however, these methods are only semiquantitative and demonstration of NADPH-diaphorase activity is not specific for NOS. In situ hybridization has also been employed to identify eNOS mRNA in placental sections (Conrad et al, 1993b), but due to the need to measure, as well as localize, NOS in tissues from normal, PE and IUGR complicated pregnancies, we have sought an alternative quantitative method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitric oxide synthase in human placenta and umbilical cord from normal, intrauterine growth‐retarded and pre‐eclamptic pregnancies

Rutherford¹,

McCarthy²,

Sullivan³

et al. 1995

British J Pharmacology

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Endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the human placenta: Regional distribution and proposed regulatory role at the feto-maternal interface☆

Cited by 120 publications

References 16 publications

Expression of Nitric Oxide Synthase Isoforms in the Human Placenta Is Not Altered by Labor

Expression of Nitric Oxide Synthase Isoforms in the Human Placenta Is Not Altered by Labor

The control of blood flow to the placenta

Nitric oxide synthase in human placenta and umbilical cord from normal, intrauterine growth‐retarded and pre‐eclamptic pregnancies

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