Endothelial surface sulfhydryl‐groups in blood‐brain barrier transport of nutrients

Hervonen, Heikki; Wall, Oskar Stein

doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1984.tb07465.x

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It was originally developed for rats, but it has been expanded for mice, guinea pigs, and rabbits (18–20). In the original rat method developed by Takasato et al (21), the animal is anesthetised, and after a series of artery ligations, the perfusion fluid is infused up the common carotid artery (Fig.…”

Section: In Vivo Techniques To Measure Compound Permeation Into the Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vivo Methods to Study Uptake of Nanoparticles into the Brain

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Several in vivo techniques have been developed to study and measure the uptake of CNS compounds into the brain. With these techniques, various parameters can be determined after drug administration, including the blood-to-brain influx constant (Kin), the permeability-surface area (PS) product, and the brain uptake index (BUI). These techniques have been mostly used for drugs that are expected to enter the brain via transmembrane diffusion or by carrier-mediated transcytosis. Drugs that have limitations in entering the brain via such pathways have been encapsulated in nanoparticles (based on lipids or synthetic polymers) to enhance brain uptake. Nanoparticles are different from CNS compounds in size, composition and uptake mechanisms. This has led to different methods and approaches to study brain uptake in vivo. Here we discuss the techniques generally used to measure nanoparticle uptake in addition to the techniques used for CNS compounds. Techniques include visualization methods, behavioral tests, and quantitative methods.

show abstract

Section: In Vivo Techniques To Measure Compound Permeation Into the Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vivo Methods to Study Uptake of Nanoparticles into the Brain

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The in situ perfusion method complements the iv injection method. It has been originally developed for rats, but it has been expanded for mice, guinea pigs, and rabbits 18,20 . The main advantages of the in situ perfusion method are the ability to tailor the perfusion fluid, the constant infusion concentration, and the absence of compound metabolism in other organs 17,22 .…”

Section: K In and Ps Product Determination By In Situ Perfusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vivo Methods to Study Uptake of Nanoparticles Into the Brain

Kaur

Singh

2013

J. Drug Delivery Ther.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Several in vivo techniques have been developed to study and measure the uptake of CNS compounds into the brain. With these techniques various parameters can be determined after drug administration, including the blood to brain influx constant (K in ), the permeability-surface area (PS) product, and the brain uptake index (BUI). These techniques have been mostly used for drugs that are expected to enter the brain via transmembrane diffusion or by carrier-mediated transcytosis. Drugs that have limitations in entering the brain via such pathways have been encapsulated in nanoparticles (based on lipids or synthetic polymers) to enhance brain uptake. Nanoparticles are different from CNS compounds in size, composition and uptake mechanisms. This has led to different methods and approaches to study brain uptake in vivo. Here we discuss the techniques generally used to measure nanoparticle uptake in addition to the techniques used for CNS compounds. Techniques include visualization methods, behavioral tests, and quantitative methods.

show abstract

“…It is not known whether this regulatory site of action of leucine on PTS-1 is located on the brain or blood side of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Such sites for other substances have often been found to occur on the blood side of the BBB (Rudman & Kutner 1978;Hervonen & Steinwall 1984;Brust 1986). The stereospecificity of the site should make it possible to determine whether it is located on the CNS or peripheral side of the BBB because the BBB is more permeable to Lthan to D-leucine (Oldendorf 1973).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Leucine Modulates Peptide Transport System-1 Across the Blood-brain Barrier at a Stereospecific Site within the Central Nervous System

Banks

Kastin

1991

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Previous results have shown that leucine injected into a cerebral ventricle (i.c.v.) can act as an allosteric regulator of peptide transport system-1 (PTS-1), the system that transports Tyr-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 (Tyr-MIF-1) and the enkephalins out of the central nervous system (CNS). D-Leucine appeared more potent than L-leucine. In the current study, dose-response curves were constructed for each compound after both intravenous (i.v.) and i.c.v. injection. Based on ED50 values after i.c.v. injection, D-leucine was about 200 times more potent than L-leucine in its inhibition of PTS-1, thereby confirming stereospecificity of the allosteric site. D- and L-Leucine were also more potent when given i.c.v. than when given i.v., suggesting that the site is located on the CNS side of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The finding that D-leucine was less potent than L-leucine when given i.v. is also consistent with a CNS site of action because the L-isomer of leucine has been shown to be preferentially transported into the brain. These findings agree with the previous suggestion that some of the neurotoxic effects of leucine may be mediated through PTS-1 and could help explain how D-amino acids can exert opiate-related effects on the CNS.

show abstract

Endothelial surface sulfhydryl‐groups in blood‐brain barrier transport of nutrients

Cited by 11 publications

References 29 publications

In Vivo Methods to Study Uptake of Nanoparticles into the Brain

In Vivo Methods to Study Uptake of Nanoparticles into the Brain

In Vivo Methods to Study Uptake of Nanoparticles Into the Brain

Leucine Modulates Peptide Transport System-1 Across the Blood-brain Barrier at a Stereospecific Site within the Central Nervous System

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About