Recently, the endothelin system consisting of three main peptides (ET-1, ET-2, ET-3) and two types of receptors (ETA and ETB) has been considered as one of the key regulators of kidney function and blood pressure, the maintenance of which has a vital role for the human body. Understanding the exact role and regulatory mechanisms of the endothelin system is the foundation for improving diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in the management of patients suffering from hypertension and renal pathologies. The purpose of this article is to systematize information about the role of endothelin receptors in the regulation of kidney function and blood pressure. To achieve this goal, the analysis of foreign literature on Embase and Pubmed databases was carried out. According to the results of the literature analysis, it was revealed that the endothelin system plays an important role in the regulation of kidney function and blood pressure, controlling the body's water-salt homeostasis and the tone (diameter of the lumen) of arterial vessels. Violation of the regulatory effects of the endothelin system contribute to the development of arterial hypertension. In addition, the endothelin system is involved in the pathogenesis of renal diseases. Further studies are needed to confirm and clarify the molecular mechanisms of regulation of kidney function and blood pressure, which will help to develop new groups of drugs for the treatment of kidney diseases and hypertension.