Endotoxaemia and complement activation in acute pancreatitis in man.

Histology and Bacteriology of Closed Duodenal Loop Models of Experimental Acute Pancreatitis in the Rat

“…S. aureus and alpha-haemolytic streptococcus, were proba bly contaminants, but the overall picture in these models was one of gross generalised infection. Septicaemia, although not un known, is not at all a regular feature of human acute pancreatitis [8], As would be expected, the bacterial counts in the model B animals were higher than in the other two. However, the peritoneal cultures of the model A group, in which no foreign bile or infection was introduced, raised the possibil ity that duodenal necrosis resulted in leakage of bacteria into the perioneal cavity and cir culation.…”

“…Since this is at variance with clinical experience of acute pancreatitis in humans [8], none of these models can be regarded as suitable for experiments designed to test new forms of therapy for this disease.…”

\Risk Factors for Morbidity and Mortality in Pancreatitis

“…Certain acute phase reactants in the serum or urine of patients are predictive of severe acute pancreatitis, for example, a^-macroglobulin [25], urinary trypsinogen activation peptide [26] and granulocytic elastase [27], Peak or 7th-day level of serum C-reactive pro tein concentration provides comparable accu racy to Ranson's criteria in predicting severe acute pancreatitis [28]. Foulis et al [29] re ported that an elevated serum endotoxin level and a decrease in concentrations of comple ment proteins, notably C3, correlated with severity, but other authors failed to confirm the correlation between the complement level and severity of disease [30], Methemalbuminemia, an indicator of in travascular hemolysis, has been shown to be highly specific for hemorrhagic pancreatitis, which carries a much graver prognosis than edematous pancreatitis [31][32][33]. However, methemalbuminemia occurs in many condi tions other than pancreatitis.…”

Basic Experimental Pancreatitis Models for Beginners

“…-Generally mild pancreatitis occurs -Infected duodenal fluid flows into PD and causes bacterial infiltration of pancreas while this is not the usual case in human pancreatitis -Transmural duodenal necrosis and cholangitis kill the animal -Peritoneal sepsis and bacteremia accompanies the pancreatitis at all times in CDL whereas This is not a common finding in human pancreatitis [10].…”