Endotoxins and the Immune Response

Neter, Erwin

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-46160-6_5

Cited by 135 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 186 publications

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“…Thus, our observations in the THP-1 cell line are also operative in primary human monocytes. LPS tolerance has been described in vivo with reduced LPS lethality in mice pretreated with low-dose LPS (22,23). These data have been corroborated in vitro with a reduced capacity of monocytes isolated from septic patients to release proinflammatory cytokines in response to further LPS stimulation (24 -26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Extracellular Heat Shock Protein-70 Induces Endotoxin Tolerance in THP-1 Cells

Aneja

Odoms

Dunsmore

et al. 2006

The Journal of Immunology

129

104

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Recent data suggest that heat shock protein-70 (HSP-70), an intracellular protein, can exist in the extracellular compartment and signal through the CD14/TLR4 pathway. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that extracellular HSP-70 induces endotoxin (LPS) tolerance. Using human monocyte cell line (THP-1), initial dose-response experiments were conducted to determine a subthreshold concentration of HSP-70 that does not induce NF-κB activity. Differentiated THP-1 cells were preconditioned with subthreshold concentration (0.03 μg/ml HSP-70) for 18 h, followed by LPS stimulation (1 μg/ml) for 4 h. Preconditioning with HSP-70 decreased subsequent LPS-mediated NF-κB-dependent promoter activity and was accompanied by significant decreases of supernatant TNF levels. Furthermore, human monocytes isolated from human volunteers, subsequently preconditioned with HSP-70, demonstrated LPS tolerance as evidenced by abrogated supernatant TNF levels. Additional experiments were conducted to exclude the possibility of endotoxin contamination of HSP-70 by boiling HSP-70 at 100°C for 1 h or preconditioning with equivalent concentrations of endotoxin as present in the HSP-70 preparation. These experiments indicated that induction of tolerance was not secondary to endotoxin contamination. Neutralization experiments with an anti-HSP-70 Ab confirmed the specificity of HSP-70 in tolerance induction. Preconditioning with HSP-70 attenuated cytosolic degradation of inhibitor κB-α and inhibited activation of inhibitor κB kinase following LPS stimulation. HSP-70 preconditioning decreased phosphorylation of the p65 subunit of NF-κB following LPS stimulation. These data suggest a novel role for extracellular HSP-70 in modifying mononuclear cell responses to subsequent LPS challenge.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Extracellular Heat Shock Protein-70 Induces Endotoxin Tolerance in THP-1 Cells

Aneja

Odoms

Dunsmore

et al. 2006

The Journal of Immunology

129

104

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“…This suggests that the common heat-stable component discussed above is haptenic or non-immunogenic in vaccinia virus. Neter (1969) has described how a common specificity may be immunogenic in one organism and haptenic in a closely related organism. It also suggests that vaccinia virus is neutralized through a heat-stable antigen which is either absent or non-immunogenic in cowpox virus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of the antigens present on the surface of virus released artificially from chick cells infected with vaccinia virus, and cowpox virus and its white pock mutant

Baxby

1972

J. Hyg.

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SUMMARYAntisera prepared against vaccinia and cowpox viruses were absorbed with purified suspensions of vaccinia virus, red cowpox and white cowpox viruses. They were then tested for their ability to neutralize the viruses, and to precipitate the virus soluble antigens.The results showed that some virus specific antigens were not virus surface components and that some components were present on the surface of all three viruses. However, certain components were detected on the surface of vaccinia virus but not on the surface of cowpox virus, and vice versa. Some evidence for the existence of a vaccinia-specific surface component was also obtained.Comparisons between results of cross-neutralization tests and immunodiffusion tests on the absorbed sera indicated that antibody to a number of antigens, including the classical LS, and the cowpox-specific d antigen play no part in the process of poxvirus neutralization.

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“…Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) extracted from gram-negative bacteria enhances the antibody response to certain antigens [2,9,17,19,21], while under some experimental conditions, LPS is known to have reverse potency as an immunosuppressant [21]. Injection of LPS several days prior to immunization was shown to suppress antibody formation against the antigen at the serum level [4] and at the antibody-producing cell level in the spleen [17].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunosuppressive Effect of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide on Antibody Response

Nakano

Tanabe

Saito

et al. 1976

Japanese Journal of Microbiology

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Injection of endotoxins (bacterial lipopolysaccharide: LPS) several days prior to immunization causes the suppression of antibody response. The suppressive effects of several kinds of LPS preparations on the plaque-forming cell (PFC) antibody response in the spleen of mice were examined after immunization with sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Glycolipids obtained from heptoseless mutants (Re form) of salmonella or its lipid A preparation coupled artificially with bovine serum albumin (BSA) are capable, like LPS obtained from a wild type (S form) strain, of inducing suppression of the PFC response, while alkaline-detoxified LPS can not. The refractory periods of the PFC response induced by LPS injection last only a few days. However, the use of cyclophosphamide (CY) together with LPS can extend the refractory periods of antigenic stimulation for several weeks. Injections of LPS and CY can also induce unresponsive states of OH agglutinin antibody response to antigenic stimulation with formalin-killed organisms of Escherichia coli or Salmonella enteritidis (presumably both thymusindependent antigens). These unresponsive states induced by LPS and CY are easily terminated by a transfer of syngeneic bone marrow cells but not by thymocyte transfer.

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Endotoxins and the Immune Response

Cited by 135 publications

References 186 publications

Extracellular Heat Shock Protein-70 Induces Endotoxin Tolerance in THP-1 Cells

Extracellular Heat Shock Protein-70 Induces Endotoxin Tolerance in THP-1 Cells

A comparison of the antigens present on the surface of virus released artificially from chick cells infected with vaccinia virus, and cowpox virus and its white pock mutant

Immunosuppressive Effect of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide on Antibody Response

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