Endotracheal tube sizes for children

Keep, P. J.; Manford, Margaret L.M.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.1974.tb00619.x

Cited by 31 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Daugherty et al [7] have claimed that BRT is as accurate as MCF in both normal height and pathologically short children. Other proposed methods include estimates based on weight, fi fth fi nger width or diameter, fi fth fi nger nail width, diameter of the distal phalanx of the third fi nger, and arm span [5,[8][9][10][11]. However, the outer diameter of tracheal tubes varies among the different brands and manufacturers and we cannot use these formulas automatically [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anesthetic management of two cases of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome

Kimura¹,

Kamada

Kimura

2008

J Anesth

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Two cases of children with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome are presented. This syndrome consists of various abnormalities, including macroglossia, visceromegaly, omphalocele, and gigantism. These abnormalities frequently require operative correction during the neonatal period. We anesthesiologists should make plans for difficult airway managements in patients with this syndrome. Our two patients also showed larger sized tracheas than those estimated by their age and height. A cuffed tube, though still controversial, has recently been used in children. We recommend using a cuffed tube in patients with this syndrome, because the appropriate tracheal size may not be predictable, tracheal intubation might be difficult, and risks incurred during changing of a tracheal tube should be avoided.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anesthetic management of two cases of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome

Kimura¹,

Kamada

Kimura

2008

J Anesth

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“…In addition, anthropometric factors such as body length and weight may influence airway size. Several studies reported the influence of length [18][19][20][21][22] and weight [15] on the appropriate ETT size in children. Our study showed weak correlation between the tube-size (ID) and height or weight for non-cardiac and cardiac patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of endotracheal-tube size by age-based formula for Thai pediatric cardiac patients: a retrospective study

et al. 2010

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Background: Pediatric patients with congenital heart diseases may have pathological airway abnormality and delayed development. To predict the appropriate size of endotracheal tube (ETT), a formula between diameter and age has been widely used for Western normal children. However, it is unclear whether this age-based (AB) formula is applicable to Thai pediatric cardiac patients. Objective: Evaluate the effectiveness of uncuffed ETT size by AB formula for pediatric cardiac patients. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using 320 cases of non-cardiac and cardiac patients aged 2-7 years old who were orally intubated with a regular uncuffed ETT at Siriraj Hospital, Thailand. The exclusion criteria were history of tracheostomy, upper airway obstruction, and expected difficult intubation. Demographic data and final ETT used were recorded. Results: The tube-size predicted by the AB formula could be applied to 54.4% of non-cardiac and 48.1% of cardiac patients (p= 0.314), whereas three sizes of tubes (one above and one below the predicted size) covered 96.9% and 94.4% of non-cardiac and cardiac patients, respectively (p = 0.413). The ETT with 0.5 mm in ID larger than the predicted size were more often used in 35.0% of cardiac patients compared with 22.5% of non-cardiac patients (p= 0.019). There were no significant differences between methods using age (actual, round-up, and truncated) to calculate the AB formula. The Pearson's correlation between the ID of the ETT with height in non-cardiac and cardiac patients were 0.430 and 0.683, respectively (p <0.001), whereas correlations with weight were 0.622 and 0.561 (p <0.001), respectively. Conclusion: The AB formula was applicable to non-cardiac and cardiac children aged 2-7 years old. For Thai pediatric cardiac patients, we recommend to use a one-size larger ETT than non-cardiac patients.

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“…Keep et al [12] und Woodbridge [27] empfehlen im Gegensatz zu den vorgenannten Autoren die Verwendung von größenbasierten Formeln. Hierbei erscheint die Formel von Keep u. Manford [12] aus dem Jahr 1974 für den klinischen Alltag zu kompliziert, sodass sie heute nur wenig gebräuchlich ist.…”

Section: Größenbasierte Formelnunclassified

“…Hierbei erscheint die Formel von Keep u. Manford [12] aus dem Jahr 1974 für den klinischen Alltag zu kompliziert, sodass sie heute nur wenig gebräuchlich ist. Auch die Formel von Woodbridge [27] aus dem Jahr 1951 ist aufgrund der in Deutschland wenig gebräuchlichen Einheiten (Körper-größe in Inch und Durchmesser in Charrière bzw.…”

Section: Größenbasierte Formelnunclassified