Abstract. The present study reports a case of hemorrhage from branches of the right obturator artery following laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. On post-operative day 9, the patient complained of lower abdominal pain, and the hemoglobin and hematocrit levels had decreased. Emergency computed tomography angiography showed a large pelvic hematoma suggesting active bleeding. Transarterial embolization (TAE) was performed using microcoils. There were no post-procedure complications. At 3 months post-surgery, using computed tomography, the pelvic hematoma was shown to have been absorbed. To the best of our knowledge, TAE for a hemorrhage from the obturator artery following laparoscopic prostatectomy has not previously been described. TAE is a safe and minimally invasive treatment compared with surgical intervention, and should be considered as a treatment for post-operative arterial hemorrhage.
IntroductionProstate cancer is one of the most common malignancies of the urinary tract. Based on incidence and mortality data from several agencies, the American Cancer Society estimates that 233,000 new prostate cancer cases and 29,480 mortalities from prostate cancer are projected to occur in the United States in 2014 (1). Prostate cancer is a heterogeneous disease that varies in spectrum from tumors with a low risk of mortality to highly aggressive malignant disease (2). Newly diagnosed prostate cancer has been increasing in Japan, and is predicted to be the first or second most common cancer by 2020 (3). Although the age-adjusted mortality rate, which had rapidly increased up to ~2,000, began to reduce slightly in 2004, the crude mortality rate has continued to rise gradually due to the ageing population (4). Radical prostatectomy has commonly been performed using an open retropubic approach for localized prostate cancer. However, in the past decade, with the development of laparoscopic and robotic techniques, laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) or robotic-assisted LRP (RALRP) has been widely accepted with the advantages of less invasiveness, shorter recovery, reduced blood loss, and improved visualization of the operative region compared to open techniques (5-7) Severe hemorrhage following prostatectomy is relatively rare, but is one of the serious complications. The current study presents a case in which arteriography with transarterial embolization (TAE) was beneficial for the treatment of severe hemorrhage following LRP.
Case reportIn May 2013, a 70-year-old man first presented with lower urinary tract symptoms to the outpatient clinic of Kurume University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan and was demonstrated to have an elevated the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) of 9.3 ng/ml. In September 2013, subsequent transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy of the prostate showed prostate adenocarcinoma, with Gleason Score 3+4=7 involving 30% of the bilateral lobes. According to the imaging and biopsy findings, the tumor was classified as cT2cN0M0. In December 2013, LRP and pelvic lymphadectomy were performed without nerve sparing b...