Endovascular Treatment in Spinal Perimedullary Arteriovenous Fistula

Phadke, Rajendra V.; Bhattacharyya, Avik; Handique, Akash; Jain, Krishan K.; Kumar, Alok; Singh, Vivek; Baruah, Deb; Kumar, Tushant; Patwari, Sriram; Mohan, B Madan

doi:10.15274/inr-2014-10056

Cited by 16 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…In this case, surgical excision is often preferred. For example, the interventional treatments of 20 PMAVF patients described by Phadke et al (most with types A or B PMAVFs) were generally unsuccessful because the feeding arteries were too thin or tortuous; however, surgical treatment was successful (58). The key purpose of surgical treatment for spinal cord PMAVFs is to locate the fistula orifice and to remove or close it.…”

Section: Surgical Removalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These authors suggested that endovascular NBCA glue embolization is safe and efficacious for treating type B and C PMAVFs and should be considered the first option for treatment. The use of NBCA is also feasible in many type A lesions (58). A new NBCA product is Glubran, which is also a good choice.…”

Section: Endovascular Embolizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, in a study of 20 patients with 21 PMAVFs reported by Phadke et al, NBCA was used to successfully treat 16 lesions in 15 patients. There were 3 cases with small residual fistulas, but the symptoms improved (58). However, if the residual fistulas result in a worsening or lack of improvement in neurologic function, retreatment is necessary.…”

Section: Complications Of Spinal Cord Pmavf Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study and therapeutic progress on spinal cord perimedullary arteriovenous fistulas

Guo

Shi

et al. 2017

Biomedical Reports

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Abstract. Spinal cord perimedullary arteriovenous fistulas (PMAVFs) are rare and belong to type IV spinal cord arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Little is known regarding the treatment and prognosis of spinal cord PMAVFs. In the present study the relevant literature from PubMed was reviewed, and it was found that these fistulas can occur at all ages but are more common in children. In children, most spinal cord PMAVFs are large and with high flow, begin with bleeding and are frequently associated with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. However, in adults, most spinal cord PMAVFs are small and with low flow and begin with progressive spinal cord dysfunction. The early diagnosis of spinal cord PMAVFs is generally difficult, and symptoms can be very severe at the time of diagnosis. Digital subtraction angiography remains the gold standard; however, computed tomography angiography and magnetic resonance angiography are also promising. Spinal cord PMAVFs can be treated by endovascular embolization, surgical removal or a combination of the two methods. Most spinal cord PMAVFs show good outcomes after the appropriate treatment, and the prognosis is primarily associated with the blood flow of the PMAVF. For high-flow spinal cord PMAVFs, endovascular embolization is more effective and can lead to a good outcome; however, for low-flow spinal cord PMAVFs, surgical removal or the combination with endovascular embolization is the optimal choice. The prognosis for low-flow types is slightly worse than for high-flow spinal cord PMAVFs in children, but the outcome is acceptable.

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Section: Surgical Removalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Endovascular Embolizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Complications Of Spinal Cord Pmavf Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study and therapeutic progress on spinal cord perimedullary arteriovenous fistulas

Guo

Shi

et al. 2017

Biomedical Reports

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“…[4] For example, winter wheat leaves exhibit increased expression levels of key flavonoid genes and total flavonoid content in response to drought stress. [5] In the leaves of Ziziphus jujuba var. spinose, the total flavonoid content increased significantly under moderate drought treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overexpression of chalcone synthase gene improves flavonoid accumulation and drought tolerance in tobacco

Yao

Gao

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background: Flavonoids are important secondary metabolites in plants that play important roles in maintaining the cellular redox balance of cells. Chalcone synthase (CHS) is the key enzyme in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway and has been found to monitor changes due to drought stress tolerance.Results: In this study, a CHS gene in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) was overexpressed. Results revealed that transgenic tobacco plants were more tolerant than control plants to drought stress. Transcription levels of the key genes involved in the flavonoid pathway and the contents of seven flavonoids significantly increased in transgenic tobacco plants (p < 0.01). Overexpression of the CHS gene led to lower concentrations of the oxidative stress product, malondialdehyde (MDA). Additionally, 11 CHS family genes were mined from the tobacco genome. Based on the phylogenetic tree, these genes split into two groups with eight genes clustered together with the bona fide Arabidopsis CHS gene, suggesting that those tobacco genes are CHS genes. Further phylogenetic analyses indicated that the tobacco CHS genes grouped further into three independent clades with the cloned tobacco CHS gene located within Clade iii. The tobacco CHS family genes exhibited a highly conserved CDS length, pI, and molecular weight of the encoded peptides. All CHS peptides contained two conserved domains, and the genes harbored two or three exons.Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, the NtCHS gene is considered a possible candidate gene for genetically engineering enhanced drought tolerance and improved responses to oxidative stress in plants.

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“…PMAVFs, or type IV arteriovenous malformations, are intradural spinal vascular abnormalities (in contrast to dural arteriovenous fistulas) that lack a nidus (as opposed to type II-III arteriovenous malformations) 2,3 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%