Endovenous removal of dislodged left renal vein stent in a patient with nutcracker syndrome

Nutcracker Syndrome: An Update on Current Diagnostic Criteria and Management Guidelines

“…Hence, this study also highlighted the importance of adequate stent sizing. Further less common complications reported in single case experiences include stent embolisation, 69,70 in-stent restenosis, 35 and pseudo-intimal proliferation or thrombosis 10,36 or fracture with resultant vessel occlusion. 68 These complications are attributed mainly to the type and size of the stent, balloon dilation, and the extent of experience of the operator when performing this procedure.…”

Hybrid intervention for treatment of the nutcracker syndrome

“…Stenting presents the potential risk of migration, fracture, or, rarely, in-stent thrombosis. Instances of stent migration into the IVC4, 6, 7 or heart3, 8, 9, 10 have been reported requiring endovascular procedures, open cavotomy, or sternotomy to retrieve the stent.…”

Left Renal Vein Stenting in Nutcracker Syndrome: Outcomes and Implications

“…The main reason behind that was inappropriate stent sizing. 2,10,22,[24][25][26] The risk of stent migration can be minimised by oversizing the stent diameter. While partial protrusion of the stent into the inferior vena cava did not seem to cause complications, distal landing beyond the first branch of the LRV had been suggested to reduce stent migration but this is not to be encouraged due to the long-term disruption of smaller branches by the continuous radial force of the stent.…”