Endurance and neuromuscular changes in world-class level kayakers during a periodized training cycle

Abstract

This study was undertaken to analyze changes in selected cardiovascular and neuromuscular variables in a group of elite kayakers across a 12-week periodized cycle of combined strength and endurance training. Eleven world-class level paddlers underwent a battery of tests and were assessed four times during the training cycle (T0, T1, T2, and T3). On each occasion subjects completed an incremental test to exhaustion on the kayak-ergometer to determine maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2max)), second ventilatory threshold (VT2), peak blood lactate, paddling speed at VO(2max) (PS(max)) and at VT2 (PS(VT2)), stroke rate at VO(2max) and at VT2, heart rate at VO(2max) and at VT2. One-repetition maximum (1RM) and mean velocity with 45% 1RM load (V (45%)) were assessed in the bench press (BP) and prone bench pull (PBP) exercises. Anthropometric measurements (skinfold thicknesses and muscle girths) were also obtained. Training volume and exercise intensity were quantified for each of three training phases (P1, P2, and P3). Significant improvements in VO(2max) (9.5%), VO(2) at VT2 (9.4%), PS(max) (6.2%), PS(VT2) (4.4%), 1RM in BP (4.2%) and PBP (5.3%), V (45%) in BP (14.4%) and PBP (10.0%) were observed from T0 to T3. A 12-week periodized strength and endurance program with special emphasis on prioritizing the sequential development of specific physical fitness components in each training phase (i.e. muscle hypertrophy and VT2 in P1, and maximal strength and aerobic power in P2) seems effective for improving both cardiovascular and neuromuscular markers of highly trained top-level athletes.

Signaling Responses After Varying Sequencing of Strength and Endurance Training in a Fed State

“…This is contrary to previous research that has indicated strengthtraining quality and quantity is decremented when performed after endurance training [33][34][35][36][37] . This may indicate the endurance training protocol employed in the present study was of insufficient volume and intensity to induce any noteworthy fatigue and impair subsequent strength training performance.…”

Performance changes in world-class kayakers following two different training periodization models

“…The main goals for S2 were the European Championships in May 2008 (last Olympics qualifier) and the Beijing Olympic Games in August 2008. This investigation was part of a larger project examining selected physiological and performance variables in world-class kayakers following different training phases (García-Pallarés et al 2009a). Figure 1 shows a summary of the training periodization structure used in the present study.…”

Análise da cinética de remoção de lactato em atletas de canoagem slalom

“…Em investigação conduzida com 11 canoístas do sexo masculino, finalistas do Campeonato Mundial, incluindo dois medalhistas olímpicos, realizou-se teste incremental em kayak ergômetro e os resultados apontaram valores de pico de lactato de 13,0 ± 2,8 mmol/l (GARCÍA-PALLARÉS et al, 2009). Resultados similares nos valores de lactato pico de 13.5 ± 2.2 mmol/l foram encontrados em teste em remo ergômetro de 1000 metros com grupo experiente de 11 mulheres atletas de canoagem (idade 32±9 anos, estatura de 169±9 cm, massa corporal 69.7±9.0 kg) (SEALEY et al, 2010), e ambos os estudos indicam a natureza glicolítica dos esforços.…”

“…Os atletas, além de dispor, na maior parte do tempo, de treinamento para aperfeiçoamento da técnica, também enfatizam adaptações de ordem cardiorrespiratória e neuromusculares, buscando o desenvolvimento da capacidade oxidativa, além de potência muscular de membros superiores (KEARNEY;MCKINSEY, 2000;BISHOP, 2000a;ZAMPARO et al, 2006;GARCÍA-PALLARÉS et al, 2009;IZQUIERDO, 2011).…”