Endurance training-induced increases in expiratory muscle oxidative capacity

Grinton, Stephen; Powers, Scott K.; Lawler, John M.; Criswell, David S.; Dodd, Stephen; Edwards, William W.

doi:10.1249/00005768-199205000-00009

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Other authors pointed out that the mammalian respiratory muscle (ins and expiratories) respond to whole-body endurance exercise training with small (10 ± 30%), but signi®cant, increases in mitochondrial oxidative capacity and modi®cations in muscle ®ber size. 24,25 Moreover, in our study the arm cranking exercise training might have induced direct bene®ts on cervical and upper extremity accessory inspiratory muscles that contributed to the observed improvement. Thus, in our opinion the dramatic improvement on VME of SCI men after training was probably linked to an e ective training-induced alteration on primary and accessory functionally active respiratory muscles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Effect of aerobic training on ventilatory muscle endurance of spinal cord injured men

Silva

et al. 1998

Spinal Cord

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The functional consequences of ventilatory muscle impairment of spinal cord injured (SCI) subjects has been evaluated through spirometric and maximal respiratory pressure tests. Nevertheless, underlying functional abnormalities may be evident only under dynamic conditions, such as with a ventilatory muscle endurance test (VME). In order to evaluate the VME of thoracic SCI men and the e ect of physical training on it we evaluated 12 SCI subjects (Group I) and 12 able-bodied controls (Group II). The subjects were submitted to clinical evaluation, spirometry, maximum voluntary ventilation in 12 s (MVV-12sec) and a test of VME ± the highest time of sustained ventilation at 70% of the maximum voluntary ventilation in isocapnic conditions (MVV-70% time). Gr. II was evaluated before and after an arm cranking aerobic training program (30 min/session, three times/week, 6 weeks) with training target heart rate corresponding to ventilatory anaerobic threshold. On the initial evaluation, Gr. I subjects presented a signi®cantly reduced forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ) and MVV-12 sec when compared to controls (P50.05). Also, the VME was severely reduced in Group I (median, ranges; 1.15, 0.61 ± 12.22) when compared to Group II (14.60, 1.20 ± 15.00) ± P50.001. When Gr. I subjects were separated by the level of lesion, the VME was lower in high injured (T1 ± T7) than intermediate (T8 ± T10) and low injured patients (T11 ± T12) ± P50.05. After aerobic training, Group I subjects incremented signi®cantly the FVC (P50.05) and the VME (P50.001), so that MVV-70% time values posttraining were not di erent from the initial values of the Gr. II. In conclusion, (i) the VME of thoracic SCI men was severely reduced when compared to able-bodied controls; (ii) a 6-weeks arm cranking aerobic training program was e cient to normalize the VME of SCI subjects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Effect of aerobic training on ventilatory muscle endurance of spinal cord injured men

Silva

et al. 1998

Spinal Cord

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“…Specifically, Powers et al (1994Powers et al ( , 1997Powers et al ( , 2002 have demonstrated that a workload of ~70% VO 2 max used with continuous exercise training (60 minutes, 4-5 days/wk for 10 weeks) increases the oxidative and antioxidant capacity of the rat diaphragm (20-30%), which results in an improvement in diaphragm endurance. They suggested that these changes may improve fat utilization, defend against free radical damage, and increase fatigue resistance (Powers et al, 1992). Another ten week rat treadmill training program, with a protocol similar to the one above, showed a 10% increase in citrate synthase activity in the rat diaphragm.…”

Section: Pulmonary Adaptationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…High intensity endurance training (75-80% VO 2 max) improved the oxidative capacity of the rat rectus abdominus and external oblique muscles. While the oxidative capacity of the rat diaphragm increased, it is possible that the diaphragm may not adapt like limb skeletal muscles in humans (Grinton et al, 1992;Metzger and Fitts, 1986 (Martin and Stager, 1981). Another study demonstrated that after six weeks of ET in hypoxic conditions, no differences were found on any respiratory measure (Thomas et al, 1998).…”

Section: Pulmonary Adaptationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of high-intensity interval training on pulmonary function

Dunham

Harms

2011

Eur J Appl Physiol

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High-intensity interval training (HIT) has been utilized as a time-efficient strategy to induce numerous physiological adaptations and improve performance usually associated with "traditional" endurance training (ET). It is not known however, if HIT might lead to improvements in pulmonary function. Therefore we hypothesized that HIT would increase respiratory muscle strength and expiratory flow rates. Fifteen healthy subjects were randomly assigned to an ET group (n = 7) and a HIT group (n = 8).All subjects performed an incremental test to exhaustion (VO 2 max) on a cycle ergometer prior to and after training. Standard pulmonary function tests, maximum inspiratory pressure (PImax), maximum expiratory pressure (PEmax), and maximal flow volume loops, were performed pre training and after each week of training. HIT subjects performed a four week training program on a cycle ergometer at 90% of their VO 2 max final workload while the ET subjects performed exercise at 60-70% of their VO 2 max final workload. All subjects trained three days/ week. The HIT group performed five one-minute bouts with three minute recovery periods and the ET group cycled for 45 minutes continuously at a constant workload. A five-mile time trial was performed prior to training, after two weeks of training, and after four weeks of training. Both groups showed similar (p<0.05) increases in VO 2 max (~8-10%) and improvements in time trials following training (HIT 6.5 ± 1.3%, ET 4.4 ± 1.8%) with no difference (p>0.05) between groups. Both groups increased (p<0.05) PImax post training (ET ~25%, HIT ~43%) with values significantly higher for HIT than ET. There was no change (p>0.05) in expiratory flow rates with training in either group. These data suggest that whole body exercise training is effective in increasing inspiratory muscle strength with HIT leading to greater improvements than ET. Also, HIT offers a time-efficient alternative to ET in improving aerobic capacity and performance.iv

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“…Similarly to those studies, the present study also reports increase in fiber metabolism from the rectus abdominis muscle. Grinton et al (1992) showed that endurance training (45 min daily running for 12 weeks) in Sprague-Dawley rats increased by 13% the oxidative activity in external oblique and rectus abdominis muscles and 44% in the plantar flexor muscles. This indicates that endurance training may increase oxidative metabolism in both respiratory and locomotor muscles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Swimming Training on the Rectus Abdominis Muscle of rats: Morphological and Histochemical Aspects

et al. 2007

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SUMMARY:We investigated the effect of swimming training in rats on morphological characteristics, hypertrophy levels and metabolic and contractile adaptations of different fiber types in rat the rectus abdominis muscle. Rats were randoverly assigned to one of three groups (N = 5 each): a) swimming training for 1 h, twice a week (2x/w), b) 1 h five times a week (5x/w) for 9 consecutive weeks, or c) without any swimming training (Control). Body weight increased in 2x/w rats and decreased in the 5x/w ones. Muscle fiber diameters increased in both trained groups, with higher values in the 2x/w group. Aerobic exercise increased slow oxidative (SO) + fastoxidative-glycolytic (FOG) fibers and decreased fast glycolytic (FG) fibers. In addition, SO fibers were increased and FOG + FG fibers were decreased in trained rats. Small and angulated atrophic fibers were also observed. These results corroborate that swimming exercise increases aerobic metabolism and thus oxidative and low contraction fibers. However, the used protocol induced, to a variable degree, changes in the muscle fiber morphology.

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Endurance training-induced increases in expiratory muscle oxidative capacity

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of aerobic training on ventilatory muscle endurance of spinal cord injured men

Effect of aerobic training on ventilatory muscle endurance of spinal cord injured men

Effects of high-intensity interval training on pulmonary function

Effect of Swimming Training on the Rectus Abdominis Muscle of rats: Morphological and Histochemical Aspects

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