Endurance training on rodent brain antioxidant capacity: A meta-analysis

Souza, Raphael Fabrício de; Moraes, Sílvia Regina Arruda de; Augusto, Ricielle Lopes; Matos, Dihogo Gama de; Aidar, Felipe J.; Andrade-da-Costa, Belmira Lara da Silveira

doi:10.1016/j.neures.2018.09.002

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Regular physical activity has beneficial effects on age-induced oxidative changes. Exercise programs appear to trigger activation of ROS removal systems in the CNS of young and old rodents (8,9), with the effects seeming to depend on the type of exercise (8). Nevertheless, the effects of regular low-intensity exercise on ROS formation and antioxidants in the rodent spinal cord remain unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related changes and effects of regular low-intensity exercise on gait, balance, and oxidative biomarkers in the spinal cord of Wistar rats

Silveira

Kroth

Santos

et al. 2019

Braz J Med Biol Res

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The present study aimed to analyze age-related changes to motor coordination, balance, spinal cord oxidative biomarkers in 3-, 6-, 18-, 24-, and 30-month-old rats. The effects of low-intensity exercise on these parameters were also analyzed in 6-, 18-, and 24-month-old rats. Body weight, blood glucose, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were assessed for all rats. The soleus muscle weight/body weight ratio was used to estimate skeletal muscle mass loss. Body weight increased until 24 months; only 30-month-old rats exhibited decreased blood glucose and increased total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol. The soleus muscle weight/body weight ratio increased until 18 months, followed by a small decrease in old rats. Exercise did not change any of these parameters. Stride length and step length increased from adult to middle age, but decreased at old age. Stride width increased while the sciatic functional index decreased in old rats. Performance in the balance beam test declined with age. While gait did not change, balance improved after exercise. Aging increased superoxide anion generation, hydrogen peroxide levels, total antioxidant capacity, and superoxide dismutase activity while total thiol decreased and lipid hydroperoxides did not change. Exercise did not significantly change this scenario. Thus, aging increased oxidative stress in the spinal cord, which may be associated with age-induced changes in gait and balance. Regular low-intensity exercise is a good alternative for improving age-induced changes in balance, while beneficial effects on gait and spinal cord oxidative biomarkers cannot be ruled out because of the small number of rats investigated (n=5 or 6/group).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related changes and effects of regular low-intensity exercise on gait, balance, and oxidative biomarkers in the spinal cord of Wistar rats

Silveira

Kroth

Santos

et al. 2019

Braz J Med Biol Res

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“…Nevertheless, in a systematic review of the effects of aerobic training on redox status, Camiletti-Moirón et al (2013) did not find a homogeneous response of GSH, GSSG, and GPx, but a slight tendency to a positive effect of aerobic exercise on these parameters. In a recent meta-analysis, we also did not find any tendency for decreased or increased GPx activity after moderate or elevated exercise intensity or volume among several brain regions ( de Souza et al, 2018 ). Therefore, similar values of GSH/GSSG ratio and NO levels between control and trained groups detected in the present study suggest that even after high-volume training and ET a physiological response can still be maintained for keeping the redox balance, favoring modulatory effects of NO in the cerebellum motor function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

“…When subjected to an antioxidant enzymatic imbalance, the CNS is an important target for reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress secondary byproducts. Physical exercise can exert neuroprotective or harmful actions in the redox balance, depending on the intensity, volume, duration, and specificity of the brain region, independent of the involvement of this region in the locomotor function ( de Souza et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-Endurance Associated With Moderate Exercise in Rats Induces Cerebellar Oxidative Stress and Impairs Reactive GFAP Isoform Profile

Souza

Augusto

Moraes

et al. 2020

Front. Mol. Neurosci.

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Ultra-endurance (UE) race has been associated with brain metabolic changes, but it is still unknown which regions are vulnerable. This study investigated whether high-volume training in rodents, even under moderate intensity, can induce cerebellar oxidative and inflammatory status. Forty-five adult rats were divided into six groups according to a training period, followed or not by an exhaustion test (ET) that simulated UE: control (C), control + ET (C-ET), moderate-volume (MV) training and MV-ET, high-volume training (HV) and HV-ET. The training period was 30 (MV) and 90 (HV) min/day, 5 times/week for 3 months as a continuous running on a treadmill at a maximum velocity of 12 m/min. After 24 h, the ET was performed at 50% maximum velocities up to the animals refused to run, and then serum lactate levels were evaluated. Serum and cerebellar homogenates were obtained 24 h after ET. Serum creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and corticosterone levels were assessed. Lipid peroxidation (LP), nitric oxide (NO), Interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and GFAP proteins, reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH and GSSG) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were quantified in the cerebellum. Serum lactate concentrations were lower in MV-ET (∼20%) and HV-ET (∼40%) compared to the C-ET group. CK and corticosterone levels were increased more than ∼ twofold by HV training compared to control. ET increased CK levels in MV-ET vs. MV group ( P = 0.026). HV induced higher LP levels (∼40%), but an additive effect of ET was only seen in the MV-ET group ( P = 0.02). SOD activity was higher in all trained groups vs. C and C-ET ( P < 0.05). CAT activity, however, was intensified only in the MV group ( P < 0.02). The 50 kDa GFAP levels were enhanced in C-ET and MV-ET vs. respective controls, while 42 kDa (∼40%) and 39 kDa (∼26%) isoform levels were reduced. In the HV-ET group, the 50 KDa isoform amount was reduced ∼40–60% compared to the other groups and the 39 KDa isoform, increased sevenfold. LDH levels, GSH/GSSG ratio, and NO production were not modified. ET elevated IL-1β levels in the CT and MV groups. Data shows that cerebellar resilience to oxidative damage may be maintained under moderate-volume training, but it is reduced by UE running. High-volume training per se provoked systemic metabolic changes, cerebellar lipid peroxidation, and unbalanced enzymatic antioxidant resource. UE after high-volume training modified the GFAP isoform profile suggesting impaired astrocyte reactivity in the cerebellum.

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“…They might be activated downstream of sirtuin genes in response to physical exercise. Activities of CAT and SOD enzymes are known to increase in rodent brain submitted to physical training (de Souza et al, 2019). Catalase is a first-line antioxidant that decomposes hydrogen peroxide.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral Maintenance of the Axis SIRT1-SIRT3 at Youth Level May Contribute to Brain Resilience in Middle-Aged Amateur Rugby Players

Corpas

Solana

Rosa

et al. 2019

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Physical exercise performed regularly is known to improve health and to reduce the risk of age-related diseases. Furthermore, there is some evidence of cognitive improvement in physically active middle-aged and older adults. We hypothesized that long-term physically active middle-aged men may have developed brain resilience that can be detected with the analysis of peripheral blood markers. We aimed to analyze the activation of pathways potentially modulated by physical activity in a cohort of healthy amateur rugby players (n = 24) and control subjects with low physical activity (n = 25) aged 45-65 years. We had previously reported neuropsychological improvement in immediate memory responses in the player group compared to the controls. Here, we tested the expression of selected genes of longevity, inflammation, redox homeostasis, and trophic signaling in whole blood mRNA. Analyses were also performed on blood samples of young (aged 15-25 years) control subjects with low physical activity (n = 21). Physical activity and other lifestyle factors were thoroughly recorded with standardized questionnaires. Interestingly, middle-aged control subjects showed lower levels of expression of SIRT1, SIRT3, CAT, and SOD1 than the young controls, although rugby players maintained the expression levels of these genes at a young-like level. Middle-aged players showed lower levels of IL1B than the non-physically active groups. However, there was a tendency towards a decrease in trophic and transduction factors in middle-aged groups as compared to the young controls. A statistical study of Spearman's correlations supported a positive effect of sporting activity on memory

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Endurance training on rodent brain antioxidant capacity: A meta-analysis

Cited by 16 publications

References 57 publications

Age-related changes and effects of regular low-intensity exercise on gait, balance, and oxidative biomarkers in the spinal cord of Wistar rats

Age-related changes and effects of regular low-intensity exercise on gait, balance, and oxidative biomarkers in the spinal cord of Wistar rats

Ultra-Endurance Associated With Moderate Exercise in Rats Induces Cerebellar Oxidative Stress and Impairs Reactive GFAP Isoform Profile

Peripheral Maintenance of the Axis SIRT1-SIRT3 at Youth Level May Contribute to Brain Resilience in Middle-Aged Amateur Rugby Players

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