Enemies Hypothesis: A Review of the Effect of Vegetational Diversity on Predatory Insects and Parasitoids

Russell, Edmund

doi:10.1093/ee/18.4.590

Cited by 379 publications

(289 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…'Enemies Hypothesis' [19,20] invokes an indirect mechanism for plant diversity effects on herbivores as it holds that increasing plant diversity results in a greater availability of refuges and alternative resources, that this favours a greater abundance and diversity of predators and parasitoids, and that increased enemy recruitment ultimately leads to stronger enemy top-down effects on herbivore populations [19].…”

Section: The Predictive Role Of Producer and Consumer Traits Plant Trmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most studies have been restricted to measuring plant diversity-mediated effects on predator or parasitoid abundance and diversity [2,6,13,20,48,49] as well as predation or parasitism rates [20], but almost no studies have documented the consequences of such effects on herbivory and plant growth. One exception is a recent study by Moreira et al [7] showing that higher recruitment of predatory ants with increasing plant species diversity resulted in positive direct and indirect effects of ants on aphids and plant growth, respectively.…”

Section: Effects Of Plant Diversity On Plant-insect Herbivore and Hermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite this vast collection of theory behind plant diversity effects on associated faunas and the large number of empirical studies conducted thus far, formal evaluations of the mechanisms behind the observed patterns have been developed in natural communities (but see [20] for e.g. in agricultural systems).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A rich body of theory has been developed to predict the effects of plant diversity on communities at higher trophic levels ( [16][17][18][19][20][21][22], see Box 1). Despite this vast collection of theory behind plant diversity effects on associated faunas and the large number of empirical studies conducted thus far, formal evaluations of the mechanisms behind the observed patterns have been developed in natural communities (but see [20] for e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plant diversity effects on insect herbivores and their natural enemies: current thinking, recent findings, and future directions

Moreira

Abdala‐Roberts

Rasmann

et al. 2016

Current Opinion in Insect Science

170

152

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A rich body of theory has been developed to predict the effects of plant diversity on communities at higher trophic levels and the mechanisms underpinning such effects. However, there are currently a number of key gaps in knowledge that have hindered the development of a predictive framework of plant diversity effects on consumers. For instance, we still know very little about how the magnitude of plant trait variation (e.g. intraspecific vs. inter-specific), as well as the identity and combined effects of plant, herbivore and natural enemy traits, mediate plant diversity effects on consumers. Moreover, the fine-scale mechanisms (e.g. changes in consumer behaviour or recruitment responses) underlying such diversity effects in many cases remain elusive or have been overlooked. In addition, most studies of plant diversity effects on associated consumers have been developed under a static, unidirectional (bottom-up) framework of effects on herbivores and predators without taking into account the potential for dynamic feedbacks across trophic levels. Here we seek to address these key gaps in knowledge as well as to capitalize on recent advances and emerging frameworks in plant biodiversity research. In doing so, we provide new insights as well as recommendations which will stimulate new research and advance this field of study. IntroductionThe consequences of plant intra-specific and inter-specific diversity on associated faunas have been the focus of much research over the last decade (e.g. [1 ,2-8,9 ]). Studies have found that plant diversity positively influences arthropod diversity and abundance [3,4,8,10], and alters plant-arthropod and arthropod-arthropod interactions [3,7,11,12]. These findings emphasize that conserving and manipulating plant diversity in natural and managed systems, respectively, is crucial for maintaining ecosystem function [13][14][15].A rich body of theory has been developed to predict the effects of plant diversity on communities at higher trophic levels ([16-22], see Box 1). Despite this vast collection of theory behind plant diversity effects on associated faunas and the large number of empirical studies conducted thus far, formal evaluations of the mechanisms behind the observed patterns have been developed in natural communities (but see [20] for e.g. in agricultural systems). In addition, there are also a number of key gaps in knowledge that have hindered the development of a predictive framework of plant diversity effects on higher trophic levels ( Figure 1). For example, we generally ignore how the magnitude of variation in plant traits (e.g. interspecific vs. intra-specific diversity) or the identity (including independent and interactive effects of multiple traits) of plant traits determines such effects. Similarly, many studies have lacked an explicit evaluation of the influence of herbivore traits such as diet breadth, mobility and feeding behaviour, and the underlying mechanisms for diversity effects on consumer abundance or behaviour remain elusive (e.g. effects of diversit...

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Section: The Predictive Role Of Producer and Consumer Traits Plant Trmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of Plant Diversity On Plant-insect Herbivore and Hermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Plant diversity effects on insect herbivores and their natural enemies: current thinking, recent findings, and future directions

Moreira

Abdala‐Roberts

Rasmann

et al. 2016

Current Opinion in Insect Science

170

152

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“…As considerações contrárias à plantação florestal monocultural advertem que estas são potencialmente negativas devido à redução da biodiversidade, à invasão de espécies exóti-cas, além de causar aumento da vulnerabilidade a pestes (RUSSEL 1989, ENGELMARK et al 2001.…”

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A variabilidade espacial das famílias de Coleoptera (Insecta) entre fragmentos de Floresta Ombrófila Mista Montana (Bioma Araucária) e plantação de Pinus elliottii Engelmann, no Parque Ecológico Vivat Floresta, Tijucas do Sul, Paraná, Brasil

Ganho¹,

Marinoni

2006

Rev. Bras. Zool.

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Várias questões sobre a biodiversidade vêm sendo levantadas nas últimas décadas. Uma delas é o papel que as plantações florestais exóticas monoculturais desempenham na manutenção da fauna nativa, principalmente de insetos. Estudos têm demonstrado que os Coleoptera são sensíveis a variações florísticas e estruturais, em pequena escala espacial. Para analisar as possíveis diferenças na diversidade de Coleoptera entre um ambiente de floresta natural e uma plantação florestal exótica monocultural foi desenvolvido um inventário no Parque Ecológico Vivat Floresta, Tijucas do Sul, Paraná. Para tanto, durante 52 semanas (agosto de 2004 a julho de 2005), seis armadilhas malaise foram dispostas ao longo de um transecto através de dois ambientes adjacentes, com diferentes condições florísticas: três em fragmento da floresta natural (Floresta Ombrófila Mista) e três na plantação de Pinus elliottii exótico. Neste primeiro estudo, as comunidades de Coleoptera foram analisadas com base na abundância e na riqueza das famílias. Foram coletados 12397 exemplares de 57 famílias. A abundância foi maior na floresta natural, decrescendo do interior desta para o interior da plantação de pinus. O ecótono - borda da floresta natural/borda da plantação de pinus - foi o mais rico em famílias. Como observado em inventários de outras localidades, os estudos apoiados em dados das famílias que se incluem nos primeiros 60% da abundância total de cada área, mostram os mesmos resultados quando são aplicados os dados de todas as famílias. Na plantação de pinus as famílias dominantes foram, pela ordem: Cerambycidae, Staphylinidae, Curculionidae, Nitidulidae, Lampyridae, Scolytidae, Chrysomelidae; na floresta natural: Chrysomelidae, Cerambycidae, Curculionidae, Lampyridae, Nitidulidae, Staphylinidae.

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Benefits of increased cover crop diversity for predators and biological pest control depend on the landscape context

Beaumelle

Auriol

Grasset

et al. 2021

Ecol Sol and Evidence

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1. Increasing plant diversity in agricultural systems is a promising way to balance food production and biodiversity conservation. Biological pest control, a crucial ecosystem service delivered by natural enemies, could particularly benefit from increased plant diversity at the local scale. Such positive effects however often depend on the landscape context that shapes the pool of natural enemy species available and their ability to colonize newly created habitats. However, how the landscape context modulates the local effect of plant diversity on natural enemies and pest control services remains unclear.2. Here, we manipulated the diversity of cover crops (2 versus 20 plant species) in nine pairs of vineyards located along a landscape gradient ranging from 20 to 60% of semi-natural habitats. We sampled natural enemy communities in the soil and foliage and measured the predation rate of an important moth pest in European vineyards (Lobesia botrana).3. Diverse cover crops enhanced the abundance of natural enemies by 140% across the experiment, but without changing their taxonomic richness and composition.We further found a distance-decay effect of cover crops on natural enemy abundance across cover crop types. 4. The landscape context remarkably modulated the effects of local plant diversity on natural enemy abundance and predation rates. While predation rates were on average similar in the low and high cover crop diversity treatments across the experiment, diverse cover crops had higher positive effects on predation and natural enemies in simple (<50% semi-natural habitats) than complex landscapes. Predation rates increased from 11 to 42% in the high compared with low cover crop diversity treatments in simple landscapes. Synthesis and applications:Our study demonstrates the benefits of increasing plant diversity at the local scale to enhance the abundance of natural enemies as well as the level of biological pest control services in vineyard agroecosystems. Diverse cover crops mostly benefit natural enemies and biological pest control in simplifiedThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Enemies Hypothesis: A Review of the Effect of Vegetational Diversity on Predatory Insects and Parasitoids

Cited by 379 publications

References 95 publications

Plant diversity effects on insect herbivores and their natural enemies: current thinking, recent findings, and future directions

Plant diversity effects on insect herbivores and their natural enemies: current thinking, recent findings, and future directions

A variabilidade espacial das famílias de Coleoptera (Insecta) entre fragmentos de Floresta Ombrófila Mista Montana (Bioma Araucária) e plantação de Pinus elliottii Engelmann, no Parque Ecológico Vivat Floresta, Tijucas do Sul, Paraná, Brasil

Benefits of increased cover crop diversity for predators and biological pest control depend on the landscape context

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