Energetic and exergetic costs of COVID-19 infection on the body of a patient

Yılmaz, Bayram; Ercan, Sina; Akduman, Seha; Özilgen, Mustafa

doi:10.1504/ijex.2020.108602

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…In that way, several dozen major variants of SARS-CoV-2 virus appeared, some of which caused pandemic waves. Chemical and thermodynamic characterization of more important known variants of SARS-CoV-2 has been made in the literature [ Popovic and Popovic, 2022 ; Özilgen and Yilmaz, 2021 ; Yilmaz et al, 2020 ; Nadi and Özilgen, 2021 ; Şimşek et al, 2021 ; Degueldre, 2021 ; Popovic, 2022a , 2022 b, 2022 c, 2022 d, 2022 e, 2022 f, 2022 g, 2022 h, 2022 i, 2022 j; Gale, 2022 ; Lucia, 2021 , 2020 a, 2020 b; Kaniadakis et al, 2020 ; Popovic and Minceva, 2021a , 2020 b]. Thus, obviously, great efforts have been made by researchers in the field of biothermodynamics to reveal the thermodynamic background of SARS-CoV-2 particles, their life cycle, as well as interactions performed with various host tissues and other viruses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The consequence of mutations was development of new variants. Chemical and thermodynamic characterization of new virus variants has been reported in the literature [ Popovic and Popovic, 2022 ; Özilgen and Yilmaz, 2021 ; Yilmaz et al, 2020 ; Nadi and Özilgen, 2021 ; Şimşek et al, 2021 ; Degueldre, 2021 ; Popovic, 2022a , 2022 b, 2022 c, 2022 d, 2022 e, 2022 f, 2022 g, 2022 h, 2022 i, 2022 j; Gale, 2022 ; Lucia, 2021 , 2020 a, 2020 b; Kaniadakis et al, 2020 ; Popovic and Minceva, 2021a , 2020 b; Istifli et al, 2022 ]. In that way, biothermodynamics has followed the reports on sequencing of nucleic acids and proteins of various variants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The SARS-CoV-2 Hydra, a tiny monster from the 21st century: Thermodynamics of the BA.5.2 and BF.7 variants

Popovic

2023

Microbial Risk Analysis

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The SARS-CoV-2 Hydra, a tiny monster from the 21st century: Thermodynamics of the BA.5.2 and BF.7 variants

Popovic

2023

Microbial Risk Analysis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…In that way, several dozen major variants of SARS-CoV-2 virus appeared, some of which caused pandemic waves. Chemical and thermodynamic characterization of more important known variants of SARS-CoV-2 has been made in the literature [Popovic and Popovic, 2022;Özilgen and Yilmaz, 2021;Yilmaz et al, 2020;Nadi and Özilgen, 2021;Şimşek et al, 2021;Degueldre, 2021;Popovic, 2022aPopovic, , 2022bPopovic, , 2022cPopovic, , 2022dGale, 2022;Lucia, 2021Lucia, , 2020aLucia, , 2020bKaniadakis et al, 2020;Minceva, 2021a, 2020b]. Thus, obviously, great efforts have been made by researchers in the field of biothermodynamics to reveal the thermodynamic background of SARS-CoV-2 particles, their life cycle, as well as interactions performed with various host tissues and other viruses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The consequence of mutations was development of new variants. Chemical and thermodynamic characterization of new virus variants has been reported in the literature [Popovic and Popovic, 2022;Özilgen and Yilmaz, 2021;Yilmaz et al, 2020;Nadi and Özilgen, 2021;Şimşek et al, 2021;Degueldre, 2021;Popovic, 2022aPopovic, , 2022bPopovic, , 2022cPopovic, , 2022dGale, 2022;Lucia, 2021Lucia, , 2020aLucia, , 2020bKaniadakis et al, 2020;Minceva, 2021a, 2020b;Istifli et al, 2022]. In that way, biothermodynamics has followed the reports on sequencing of nucleic acids and proteins of various Disclaimer/Publisher's Note: The statements, opinions, and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biothermodynamics of the BA.5.2 and BF.7 variants of SARS-CoV-2

Popovic¹

2023

Preprint

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SARS-CoV-2 resembles the ancient mythical creature Hydra. Just like with the Hydra, when one head is cut, it is followed by appearance of two more heads, suppression of one SARS-CoV-2 variant causes appearance of newer variants. Unlike Hydra that grows identical heads, newer SARS-CoV-2 variants are usually more infective, which can be observed as time evolution of the virus at hand, which occurs through acquisition of mutations during time. The appearance of new variants is followed by appearance of new COVID-19 pandemic waves. With the appearance of new pandemic waves and determining of sequences, in the scientific community and general public the question is always raised of whether the new variant will be more virulent and more pathogenic. The two variants characterized in this paper, BA.5.2 and BF.7, have caused a pandemic wave during the late 2022. This paper gives full chemical and thermodynamic characterization of the BA.5.2 and BF.7 variants of SARS-CoV-2. Having in mind that Gibbs energy of binding and biosynthesis represent the driving forces for the viral life cycle, based on the calculated thermodynamic properties we can conclude that the newer variants are more infective than earlier ones, but that their pathogenicity has not changed.

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“…But, the spreading of the disease does not depend only on virus infectivity, but also on the immunization of the population, therapy and application of epidemiological measures. Spreading and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 has been discussed from biothermodynamic perspective [Lucia et al, 2021[Lucia et al, , 2020a[Lucia et al, , 2022bKaniadakis et al, 2020;Nadi and Özilgen, 2021;Özilgen and Yilmaz, 2021;Yilmaz et al, 2020;Head et al, 2022].…”

Section: Of 12mentioning

confidence: 99%

XBB.1.5 Kraken Cracked: Gibbs Energies of Binding and Biosynthesis of the XBB.1.5 Variant of SARS-Cov-2

Popovic¹

2023

Preprint

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The SARS-CoV-2 Hydra with many heads (variants) has been causing the COVID-19 pandemic for 3 years. The appearance of every new head (SARS-CoV-2 variant) causes a new pandemic wave. The last in the series is the XBB.1.5 “Kraken” variant. In the general public (social media) and in the scientific community (scientific journals), during the last several weeks since the variant has appeared, the question was raised of whether the infectivity of the new variant will be greater. This article attempts to provide the answer. Analysis of thermodynamic driving forces of binding and biosynthesis leads to the conclusion that infectivity of the XBB.1.5 variant could be increased to a certain extent. The pathogenicity of the XBB.1.5 variant seems to be unchanged compared to the other Omicron variants.

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Energetic and exergetic costs of COVID-19 infection on the body of a patient

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

The SARS-CoV-2 Hydra, a tiny monster from the 21st century: Thermodynamics of the BA.5.2 and BF.7 variants

The SARS-CoV-2 Hydra, a tiny monster from the 21st century: Thermodynamics of the BA.5.2 and BF.7 variants

Biothermodynamics of the BA.5.2 and BF.7 variants of SARS-CoV-2

XBB.1.5 Kraken Cracked: Gibbs Energies of Binding and Biosynthesis of the XBB.1.5 Variant of SARS-Cov-2

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