Energetic Charged Particles in the Terrestrial Magnetosphere: Cluster/RAPID Results

Kronberg, Elena A.; Daly, P. W.; Григоренко, Е. Е.; Smirnov, Artem; Klecker, B.; Malykhin, A. Yu.

doi:10.1029/2021ja029273

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 129 publications

(226 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, the model can be applied to reconstruct the equatorial PAD from a single uni‐ or omnidirectional measurement. This is of particular interest for the long‐term MEO constellations, for instance, the GPS constellation (Morley et al., 2018) and the Cluster mission (e.g., Kronberg et al., 2021; Smirnov et al., 2019, A. G. Smirnov et al., 2020), and would add to the availability of the PA‐resolved data in the outer radiation belt region. The model can further be extended to higher L‐values by using the data from the currently operating Arase constellation, already cross‐calibrated with the RBSP (Szabó‐Roberts et al., 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Empirical Model of the Equatorial Electron Pitch Angle Distributions in Earth's Outer Radiation Belt

et al. 2022

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In this study, we present an empirical model of the equatorial electron pitch angle distributions (PADs) in the outer radiation belt based on the full data set collected by the Magnetic Electron Ion Spectrometer (MagEIS) instrument onboard the Van Allen Probes in 2012–2019. The PADs are fitted with a combination of the first, third and fifth sine harmonics. The resulting equation resolves all PAD types found in the outer radiation belt (pancake, flat‐top, butterfly and cap PADs) and can be analytically integrated to derive omnidirectional flux. We introduce a two‐step modeling procedure that for the first time ensures a continuous dependence on L, magnetic local time and activity, parametrized by the solar wind dynamic pressure. We propose two methods to reconstruct equatorial electron flux using the model. The first approach requires two uni‐directional flux observations and is applicable to low‐PA data. The second method can be used to reconstruct the full equatorial PADs from a single uni‐ or omnidirectional measurement at off‐equatorial latitudes. The model can be used for converting the long‐term data sets of electron fluxes to phase space density in terms of adiabatic invariants, for physics‐based modeling in the form of boundary conditions, and for data assimilation purposes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Empirical Model of the Equatorial Electron Pitch Angle Distributions in Earth's Outer Radiation Belt

et al. 2022

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“…It is then exposed not to the solar wind but to the terrestrial magnetotail plasma environment, offering the possibility to study in-situ magnetotail dynamics and its dependence on solar and geomagnetic activity (e.g., Kallio and Facskó, 2015;Kallio et al, 2019). Phenomena such as plasmoids released from the near-Earth magnetotail and propagating anti-Sunward, hot plasma flows, energetic particle bursts, plasma waves, magnetic reconnection and plasma sheet dynamics can thus be studied in-situ (e.g., Parks et al, 2001;Nakamura, 2006;Taylor et al, 2006;Nagai et al, 2009;Du et al, 2011;Artemyev et al, 2017;Grigorenko et al, 2019;Sitnov et al, 2019;Kronberg et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Space plasma physics science opportunities for the lunar orbital platform - Gateway

Dandouras

Taylor

Keyser

et al. 2023

Front. Astron. Space Sci.

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The Lunar Orbital Platform - Gateway (LOP - Gateway, or simply Gateway) is a crewed platform that will be assembled and operated in the vicinity of the Moon by NASA and international partner organizations, including ESA, starting from the mid-2020s. It will offer new opportunities for fundamental and applied scientific research. The Moon is a unique location to study the deep space plasma environment. Moreover, the lunar surface and the surface-bounded exosphere are interacting with this environment, constituting a complex multi-scale interacting system. This paper examines the opportunities provided by externally mounted payloads on the Gateway in the field of space plasma physics, heliophysics and space weather, and also examines the impact of the space environment on an inhabited platform in the vicinity of the Moon. It then presents the conceptual design of a model payload, required to perform these space plasma measurements and observations. It results that the Gateway is very well-suited for space plasma physics research. It allows a series of scientific objectives with a multi-disciplinary dimension to be addressed.

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“…During these periods it is not exposed to the solar wind but to the terrestrial magnetotail plasma environment, providing the opportunity to study in-situ, from the Moon or from an observational platform in lunar orbit, the dynamics of the magnetotail and its dependence on drivers such as the solar and geomagnetic activity conditions [10]. Phenomena such as for instance plasmoids released from the near-Earth magnetotail and propagating anti-Sunward, hot plasma flows, energetic particle bursts, plasma waves, magnetic reconnection and plasma sheet dynamics can then be observed in-situ [11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

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High-energy particle observations from the Moon

Dandouras,

Roussos

2024

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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The Moon is a unique natural laboratory for the study of the deep space plasma and energetic particles environment. During more than 3/4 of its orbit around the Earth it is exposed to the solar wind. Being an unmagnetized body and lacking a substantial atmosphere, solar wind and solar energetic particles bombard the Moon's surface, interacting with the lunar regolith and the tenuous lunar exosphere. Energetic particles arriving at the Moon's surface can be absorbed, or scattered, or can remove another particle from the lunar regolith by sputtering or desorption. A similar phenomenon occurs also with the galactic cosmic rays, which have fluxes and energy spectra representative of interplanetary space. During the remaining part of its orbit the Moon crosses the tail of the terrestrial magnetosphere. It then provides the opportunity to study in-situ the terrestrial magnetotail plasma environment as well as atmospheric escape from the Earth's ionosphere, in the form of heavy ions accelerated and streaming downtail. The lunar environment is thus a unique natural laboratory for analysing the interaction of the solar wind, the cosmic rays and the Earth's magnetosphere with the surface, the immediate subsurface, and the surface-bounded exosphere of an unmagnetized planetary body. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Astronomy from the Moon: the next decades (part 2)’.

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Energetic Charged Particles in the Terrestrial Magnetosphere: Cluster/RAPID Results

Cited by 5 publications

References 129 publications

An Empirical Model of the Equatorial Electron Pitch Angle Distributions in Earth's Outer Radiation Belt

An Empirical Model of the Equatorial Electron Pitch Angle Distributions in Earth's Outer Radiation Belt

Space plasma physics science opportunities for the lunar orbital platform - Gateway

High-energy particle observations from the Moon

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