Energetic costs of detoxification systems in herbivores feeding on chemically defended host plants: a correlational study in the grain aphid,Sitobion avenae

Castañeda, Luis E.; Figueroa, Christian C.; Contreras, Eduardo; Niemeyer, Hermann M.; Nespolo, Roberto F.

doi:10.1242/jeb.020990

Cited by 67 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…To estimate SMR in eggs, we followed the system described by Castañeda et al (2009) for measuring very small arthropods (less than 0.1 g). In brief, each egg was placed in a 2-mL glass syringe, which was sealed, filled with CO 2 -free air to a volume of 1.5 mL, and placed in a dark climatic chamber at 20Њ ‫ע‬ .…”

Section: Respirometry and Dehydration Rate: Eggsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolism, Growth, and the Energetic Definition of Fitness: A Quantitative Genetic Study in the Land SnailCornu aspersum

Bruning

Gaitán‐Espitía²,

González³

et al. 2013

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

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Life-history evolution-the way organisms allocate time and energy to reproduction, survival, and growth-is a central question in evolutionary biology. One of its main tenets, the allocation principle, predicts that selection will reduce energy costs of maintenance in order to divert energy to survival and reproduction. The empirical support for this principle is the existence of a negative relationship between fitness and metabolic rate, which has been observed in some ectotherms. In juvenile animals, a key function affecting fitness is growth rate, since fast growers will reproduce sooner and maximize survival. In principle, design constraints dictate that growth rate cannot be reduced without affecting maintenance costs. Hence, it is predicted that juveniles will show a positive relationship between fitness (growth rate) and metabolic rate, contrarily to what has been observed in adults. Here we explored this problem using land snails (Cornu aspersum). We estimated the additive genetic variance-covariance matrix for growth and standard metabolic rate (SMR; rate of CO2 production) using 34 half-sibling families. We measured eggs, hatchlings, and juveniles in 208 offspring that were isolated right after egg laying (i.e., minimizing maternal and common environmental variance). Surprisingly, our results showed that additive genetic effects (narrow-sense heritabilities, h(2)) and additive genetic correlations (rG) were small and nonsignificant. However, the nonadditive proportion of phenotypic variances and correlations (rC) were unexpectedly large and significant. In fact, nonadditive genetic effects were positive for growth rate and SMR ([Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text]), supporting the idea that fitness (growth rate) cannot be maximized without incurring maintenance costs. Large nonadditive genetic variances could result as a consequence of selection eroding the additive genetic component, which suggests that past selection could have produced nonadditive genetic correlation. It is predicted that this correlation is reduced when adulthood is attained and selection starts to promote the reduction in metabolic rate.

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Section: Respirometry and Dehydration Rate: Eggsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolism, Growth, and the Energetic Definition of Fitness: A Quantitative Genetic Study in the Land SnailCornu aspersum

Bruning

Gaitán‐Espitía²,

González³

et al. 2013

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

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“…There are no works on succivorous insects of C. arabica. Other studies examining the relationship between insect Þtness and plant chemistry also have reported varying results (Castañ eda et al 2009, Castañ eda et al 2010. Nevertheless, these studies generally found a positive relationship between insect performance and a plantÕs nitrogen content, with a negative relationship for secondary compounds (e.g., total phenols, tannins, and monoterpenes).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Effects of Nutrients and Secondary Compounds of Coffea arabica on the Behavior and Development of Coccus viridis

Fernandes¹,

Picanço²,

Queiroz³

et al. 2012

env. entom.

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Phytochemicals may modify the food quality, reduce a plant's palatability to insects, or defend against pests. This work aimed to study 1) relationships between the nitrogen and potassium levels given to plants in nutritive solutions and the foliar phytochemical concentrations, 2) the effect of nutrients and secondary compounds of Coffea arabica on the behavior of Coccus viridis, and 3) tolerance of C. arabica to losses. Deficient, normal, and excessive nitrogen and potassium fertilization treatments were used. Each treatment had two plants (one infested and one noninfested plant). The contents of phytochemicals in the infested plants' leaves and their dry matter of roots, stems, and leaves as well as the total contents in noninfested plants, were determined. The adults and nymphs of C. viridis were counted for 60 d in all treatments. It was verified that elevated nitrogen and potassium levels in the nutritional solutions led to increased of nymphs and adults of C. viridis to the coffee plants over time. Potassium and nitrogen had both direct and indirect effects on C. viridis. The direct effect was because of the increase of the nitrogen content in the leaves. The indirect effect instead was because of reductions in the caffeine and chlorogenic acid contents in the leaves. This is the first study to show relationship nutrient levels of coffee phytochemicals in response to herbivory by scale insects. Caffeine and chlorogenic acid applied on coffee leaves stimulated the locomotory activity of the green scale, thus reducing their feeding compared with untreated leaves. The elevation of caffeine and chlorogenic acid levels in coffee leaves affect this generalist insect by stimulating the locomotion of crawlers.

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“…secondary compounds from plants or insecticides); including P450s, GSTs, esterases and oxidoreductases383940414243. Some of these enzymes are known to be involved in the detoxification of mycotoxins20.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aphids transform and detoxify the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol via a type II biotransformation mechanism yet unknown in animals

Zutter

Audenaert

Arroyo‐Manzanares

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Biotransformation of mycotoxins in animals comprises phase I and phase II metabolisation reactions. For the trichothecene deoxynivalenol (DON), several phase II biotransformation reactions have been described resulting in DON-glutathiones, DON-glucuronides and DON-sulfates made by glutathione-S-transferases, uridine-diphosphoglucuronyl transferases and sulfotransferases, respectively. These metabolites can be easily excreted and are less toxic than their free compounds. Here, we demonstrate for the first time in the animal kingdom the conversion of DON to DON-3-glucoside (DON-3G) via a model system with plant pathogenic aphids. This phase II biotransformation mechanism has only been reported in plants. As the DON-3G metabolite was less toxic for aphids than DON, this conversion is considered a detoxification reaction. Remarkably, English grain aphids (Sitobion avenae) which co-occur with the DON producer Fusarium graminearum on wheat during the development of fusarium symptoms, tolerate DON much better and convert DON to DON-3G more efficiently than pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum), the latter being known to feed on legumes which are no host for F. graminearum. Using a non-targeted high resolution mass spectrometric approach, we detected DON-diglucosides in aphids probably as a result of sequential glucosylation reactions. Data are discussed in the light of an eventual co-evolutionary adaptation of S. avenae to DON.

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Energetic costs of detoxification systems in herbivores feeding on chemically defended host plants: a correlational study in the grain aphid,Sitobion avenae

Cited by 67 publications

References 45 publications

Metabolism, Growth, and the Energetic Definition of Fitness: A Quantitative Genetic Study in the Land SnailCornu aspersum

Metabolism, Growth, and the Energetic Definition of Fitness: A Quantitative Genetic Study in the Land SnailCornu aspersum

The Effects of Nutrients and Secondary Compounds of <I>Coffea arabica</I> on the Behavior and Development of <I>Coccus viridis</I>

Aphids transform and detoxify the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol via a type II biotransformation mechanism yet unknown in animals

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