Energetic N-azidomethyl derivatives of polynitro hexaazaisowurtzitanes series: CL-20 analogues having the highest enthalpy

Abstract

Novel energetic components for rocket propellants, based on polynitro hexaazaisowurtzitanes, have been prepared with high enthalpies of formation that significantly exceed that of CL-20.

Nitrated Bacterial Cellulose-Based Energetic Nanocomposites as Propellants and Explosives for Military Applications

“…Currently, energetic materials (EMs) can typically be categorized into propellants, explosives, and pyrotechnics via their specific compositions, properties, and application areas . The outstanding energy properties of three typical nitramine explosives, RDX (cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine), HMX (cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine), and CL-20 (hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitan), enhance the specific impulse and detonation properties ( e.g ., pressure and velocity) of munitions and therefore exhibit promising utilization in modern military applications ( e.g ., propellants and explosives). − Nevertheless, as a well-known fact, high explosives usually suffer from high sensitivity toward impact, friction, electrostatic, and thermostatic properties, thereby hindering further applications of nitramine explosives . Therefore, it is of great significance to construct EMs with unique structures and special compositions to improve their comprehensive properties and expand their application, especially for safety performance.…”

[(3-Nitro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-NNO-azoxy]furazans: energetic materials containing an N(O)N–N fragment

“…Furazans 4, 5 and 7 have almost the same enthalpies of formation in the range from +576 to +588 kcal kg −1 . Thus, new compounds 4–7 significantly exceed the commonly used energetic materials and CL-20 22 in terms of the enthalpy of formation.…”

“…Furazans 4, 5 and 7 have almost the same enthalpies of formation in the range from +576 to +588 kcal kg À1 . Thus, new compounds 4-7 signicantly exceed the commonly used energetic materials and CL-20 ðDH 22 in terms of the enthalpy of formation. All calculations concerning the detonation parameters were carried out using the Shock and Detonation (S&D) Version 4.5 Program package 23 and were based on the standard enthalpies of formation and attributed to the corresponding densities.…”

Efficient synthesis of N-(chloromethyl)nitramines via TiCl4-catalyzed chlorodeacetoxylation

“…General IR spectra were recorded on a BrukerALPHA instrument in KBr pellets. 1 H, 13 C, and 14 N spectra were acquired on a Bruker AM-300 instrument (300.13, 75.47 and 21.69 MHz, respectively) at 299 K. The chemical shifts of the 1 H and 13 C nuclei were reported relative to TMS, and for 14 N relative to MeNO 2 , and high-field chemical shifts are given with a minus sign. Elemental analysis was performed on a PerkinElmer 2400 Series II instrument.…”

“…6 Although target nitramines have most commonly been prepared by N-nitration of selected molecular scaffolds, [6][7][8][9][10] recent attention has been paid to their creation using building blocks that already contain one or more nitramino groups. [11][12][13][14][15][16] We believe that the second approach can be more versatile and efficient; however, its development is hampered by the limited availability and narrow range of choice of reactive nitramine starting materials.…”