Energetic Radiation from Rapidly Spinning Pulsars. II. VELA and Crab

Galactic discrete sources of high energy neutrinos

“…A more specific model for γ-ray and neutrino production in the Crab Nebula has been proposed a few years ago by Bednarek and Protheroe (1997). The general scenario is similar to the one previously discussed for the very young supernova remnants (Protheroe et al 1998): iron nuclei from the Crab pulsar are accelerated in the outer gap (Cheng et al 1986) and photodisintegrate in collisions with the non-thermal radiation field filling the outer gap, thus producing energetic neutrons which are injected into the nebula. Neutrons can decay either inside or outside the Crab nebula.…”

Large‐Amplitude, Pair‐creating Oscillations in Pulsar and Black Hole Magnetospheres

“…The resulting additional electrostatic field screens out the initial E k above the PFF (e.g., Fawley et al 1977;Arons & Scharlemann 1979;Shibata et al 1998). In some pulsar models pairs are also assumed to be produced in an ''outer gap'' (Cheng et al 1986), and current conservation can be achieved by the currents through the inner and outer gaps being part of a global circuit (Shibata 1991). More recent models differ quantitatively, rather than qualitatively, from earlier models in that the Lorentz factors of the secondary pairs are smaller (Zhang & Harding 2000;Hibschman & Arons 2001;Arendt & Eilek 2002) and the pair creation is over a more extensive region, with the heights of the inner and outer gaps perhaps overlapping (Shibata et al 2002).…”

The Phase‐resolved X‐Ray Spectra of the Crab Pulsar

“…Massaro et al (2000) have shown that a two-component emission model can account for the variation of pulse profile with energy and the phase change of the spectral index. They assumed that one component has the same profile observed in the optical, while the other presents a maximum at the phase 0.4 with the spectrum of the interpeak region and proposed that the latter can be originated in the outer magnetosphere, according to the outer gap models (Cheng, Ho, & Ruderman 1986a;Romani 1996). Although these authors proposed such a model, they did not give a complete model for the X-ray emission from the Crab pulsar.…”