Energetics and reactivity of small beryllium deuterides

Sukuba, Ivan; Kaiser, Alexander; Huber, S.; Urban, Ján; Probst, Michael

doi:10.1007/s00894-017-3362-4

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…In their simulations, most of the eroded beryllium was released as BeD and BeD 2 , both of which are stable molecules. BeD 3 is also formed by SCS; however, it is metastable and breaks into BeD+D 2 after being released from the surface [29] and therefore it may not be observed experimentally.…”

Section: Discussion Of Experiments In Linear Plasma Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the literature about Be-W mixed material layer formation in the fusion reactor environment

Lasa,

Dasgupta,

Baldwin

et al. 2024

Mater. Res. Express

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All plasma facing surfaces in a fusion reactor, whether initially pure or an alloy, will rapidly evolve into a mixed material due to plasma-induced erosion, migration and redeposition. Beryllium (Be) erosion from the main chamber, and its transport and deposition on to a tungsten (W) divertor results in the growth of mixed Be-W layers, which can evolve to form beryllides. These Be-W mixed materials exhibit generally less desirable properties than pure tungsten or pure beryllium, such as lower melting points. In order to better understand the parameter space for growth of these alloys, this paper reviews the literature on Be-W mixed material formation experiments – in magnetically confined fusion reactors, in linear plasma test stands, and during thin- film deposition – and on computational modeling of Be-W interactions, as well as briefly assesses the Be-W growth kinetics. We conclude that the following kinetic steps drive the material mixing: adsorption of the implanted/deposited ion on the metal surface; diffusion of the implanted/deposited ion from surface into the bulk, which is accelerated by defects; and loss of deposited material through erosion. Adsorption dominates (or prevents) material mixing in thin-film deposition experiments, whereas diffusion drives material mixing in plasma exposures due to the energetic ion implantation.

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Section: Discussion Of Experiments In Linear Plasma Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the literature about Be-W mixed material layer formation in the fusion reactor environment

Lasa,

Dasgupta,

Baldwin

et al. 2024

Mater. Res. Express

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“…Retention in various Be-containing materials was also discussed in chapter 3.3 of [8]. D retention and erosion of wall materials by energetic particles including H isotopes and beryllium atoms have been studied both by experiments [9][10][11] and computational modeling [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] in the past.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the sputtering and reflection from a beryllium surface: atomistic analysis

et al. 2021

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Sputtering from plasma-facing surfaces upon particle impact can limit the lifetime of components in fusion devices, especially in the diverter region. Atomistic simulations of the processes associated with plasma–wall interactions allow for a detailed analysis of sputtering, reflection and adsorption. Most former works of beryllium sputtering by hydrogen isotopes were aimed mostly on the sputtering yield. We investigate the influence of impact energy and angle on sputtering, and analyze these quantities also for the outgoing particle. We model the sputtering by non-cumulative molecular dynamics simulations with a large number of trajectories for the various parameters. The underlying forces and energies are obtained from high-dimensional neural networks fitted to density functional calculations. We find a good agreement with the previously reported sputtering yields for perpendicular impact and a qualitative accordance with experimental data. In detail, the sputtering yield increases with increasing impact energy for angles of incidence larger than 45° with respect to the surface normal, while smaller angles show a maximal yield up to 100 eV. In cases where D reflection rather than sputtering occurs, a similar pattern is found for all angles, with the maximal reflection rate at 80°.

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“…Experimentally determined geometry and vibrational frequencies of the ground state were published only a few years ago [14]. A few publications are available concerning its potential energy surface, investigated using high-order ab initio methods, as well as its excited states and thermodynamic properties [15][16][17][18]. There are two publications concerning cross sections of BeH 2 , one presenting electron impact ionization cross sections [19], the other covering lower energy scattering [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%