Energetics of Aging and Frailty: The FRADEA Study

Romero, Luis; Sánchez-Jurado, Pedro Manuel; Ruano, Teresa Flores; Ríos, Sergio Salmerón; Sánchez, Miguel Fernández

doi:10.1093/gerona/glv182

Cited by 30 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The nature and the impact of age-related changes in organ and tissue masses together with changes in REE have not been widely examined. Two longitudinal studies, the Baltimore Longitudinal Study (BLSA) and Health Aging and Body Composition Study (Health ABC), indicated that a high resting metabolic rate at an older age was a risk factor of mortality [ 14 ] as well as for multi-morbidity in men [ 15 , 16 ]. The data of another longitudinal study, the German GISELA study [ 17 ] showed that REE decreases by 11.2 kJ/day and 34.1 kJ/day per year in women and men, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Dependent Changes in Resting Energy Expenditure (REE): Insights from Detailed Body Composition Analysis in Normal and Overweight Healthy Caucasians

et al. 2016

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Age-related changes in organ and tissue masses may add to changes in the relationship between resting energy expenditure (REE) and fat free mass (FFM) in normal and overweight healthy Caucasians. Secondary analysis using cross-sectional data of 714 healthy normal and overweight Caucasian subjects (age 18–83 years) with comprehensive information on FFM, organ and tissue masses (as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)), body density (as assessed by Air Displacement Plethysmography (ADP)) and hydration (as assessed by deuterium dilution (D2O)) and REE (as assessed by indirect calorimetry). High metabolic rate organs (HMR) summarized brain, heart, liver and kidney masses. Ratios of HMR organs and muscle mass (MM) in relation to FFM were considered. REE was calculated (REEc) using organ and tissue masses times their specific metabolic rates. REE, FFM, specific metabolic rates, the REE-FFM relationship, HOMA, CRP, and thyroid hormone levels change with age. The age-related decrease in FFM explained 59.7% of decreases in REE. Mean residuals of the REE-FFM association were positive in young adults but became negative in older subjects. When compared to young adults, proportions of MM to FFM decreased with age, whereas contributions of liver and heart did not differ between age groups. HOMA, TSH and inflammation (plasma CRP-levels) explained 4.2%, 2.0% and 1.4% of the variance in the REE-FFM residuals, but age and plasma T3-levels had no effects. HMR to FFM and MM to FFM ratios together added 11.8% on to the variance of REE-FFM residuals. Differences between REE and REEc increased with age, suggesting age-related changes in specific metabolic rates of organs and tissues. This bias was partly explained by plasmaT3-levels. Age-related changes in REE are explained by (i) decreases in fat free mass; (ii) a decrease in the contributions of organ and muscle masses to FFM; and (iii) decreases in specific organ and tissue metabolic rates. Age-dependent changes in the REE-FFMassociation are explained by composition of FFM, inflammation and thyroid hormones.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Dependent Changes in Resting Energy Expenditure (REE): Insights from Detailed Body Composition Analysis in Normal and Overweight Healthy Caucasians

et al. 2016

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“…In this study, we included participants who had had only one review visit post enrolment into the programme, the majority of participants did not complete their weight loss treatment and the average stay in treatment was short (approximately 12 weeks). The role of aging on weight re-gain must be recognised as aging is known to decrease the basal metabolic rate, thus making it more difficult to maintain lost weight [23]. A significant proportion (46.5%) of this study's cohort had been out of weight loss treatment for five years or longer and this could have negatively impacted their ability to maintain lost weight due to reduced basal metabolic rate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Prevalence of weight loss maintenance success in previous participants of a commercial weight loss programme in Accra, Ghana

Addo¹,

Vuvor²,

Nti³

et al. 2019

AJFAND

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Overweight and obesity are major risk factors for a number of non-communicable diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, stroke, heart attack and others. Intentional weight loss has been widely documented as an effective way of reducing the risk of such chronic diseases. As a result of the positive health consequences of weight reduction, many people all over the world are attempting weight loss to reap these health benefits. Common methods being used to achieve weight loss include self-help measures and structured programmes such as commercial weight loss programmes. Although commercial weight loss programmes are increasingly being patronised, little is known about the long-term outcomes of such programmes. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the prevalence of weight loss maintenance success in previous participants of a commercial weight loss programme in Accra, Ghana, who had been out of the weight loss programme for a median period of 4.75 years. A cross-section of 230 participants were randomly selected for this study. Baseline and end-line anthropometric data, length of stay in the programme and post treatment time were extracted from the programme's database. Weight measurements taken at follow up were used in calculating the percent weight loss at follow up. Successful weight loss maintenance was defined as achieving at least five percent weight loss below baseline weight at follow up otherwise unsuccessful. Comparisons of successful weight loss maintainers (SWLM) and unsuccessful weight loss maintainers (UWLM) were conducted using Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) for continuous variables and Pearson chi-square for categorical variables. The mean baseline weight, height, Body Mass Index (BMI) and age for the cohort were 96.5±16.3kg, 1.65±0.08m, 35.4±5.4kg/m 2 , and 39.7±9.2yrs, respectively. The prevalence of weight loss maintenance success was 23.9%. More than half (52.2%) of the study cohort either returned to baseline weight or further regained some weight beyond baseline weight at follow up. Seventeen percent of the study cohort retained at least 95% of losses previously attained during the weight loss programme. Long-term maintenance of lost weight is achievable in a substantial proportion of weight losers and must be actively promoted by health professionals. The results can be generalised to majority of those who enter this commercial weight loss programme and not only the successful ones.

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“…Resting metabolic rate is known to decrease with age in humans, and this decline is modulated by frailty status [ 15 ] Further, studies have shown decreased resting metabolic rate with decreased fat mass in elderly patients [ 29 ]. These findings are in agreement with our findings in the IL 10 tm mouse of decreased VO 2, with the percentage of fat mass being the component of body composition which most strongly correlates with this decrease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aging, chronic inflammation, and frailty are associated with impaired insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis, decreased metabolic rate and locomotor activity, as well as altered respiratory quotient (RQ) and body composition in humans [ 15 ]. Although IL 10 tm mice lack changes in these phenotypic parameters early in life [ 16 – 18 ], little is known about the impact of age and chronic inflammation on body composition, insulin resistance and other metabolic changes, and how these factors contribute to previously observed late life decline and premature mortality in these mice [ 4 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aged interleukin-10tm1Cgn chronically inflamed mice have substantially reduced fat mass, metabolic rate, and adipokines

et al. 2017

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Interleukin 10tm1Cgn (IL 10tm) mice have been utilized as a model of chronic inflammation and declining health span because of their propensity to develop chronic activation in NFkB pathways, skeletal muscle and cardiac changes, and mitochondrial dysfunction. We hypothesized that older IL 10tm frail mice would have alterations similar to frail, older humans in measured parameters of glucose metabolism, oxygen consumption (VO2), respiratory quotient (RQ), spontaneous locomotor activity, body composition and plasma adipokine levels. To test this hypothesis, we investigated these metabolic parameters in cohorts of 3, 10, and 20 month old IL 10tm female mice and age and gender matched C57Bl/6 mice. Insulin sensitivity, glucose homeostasis, locomotor activity and RQ were not significantly altered between the two strains of mice. Interestingly, old IL 10tm mice had significantly decreased VO2 when normalized by lean mass, but not when normalized by fat mass or the lean/fat mass ratio. NMR based body composition analysis and dissection weights show that fat mass is decreased with age in IL 10tm mice compared to controls. Further, plasma adiponectin and leptin were also decreased in IL 10tm.These findings suggest that frailty observed in this mouse model of chronic inflammation may in part be driven by alterations in fat mass, hormone secretion and energy metabolism.

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Energetics of Aging and Frailty: The FRADEA Study

Abstract: Frailty status modulates the energy requirements of aging. Frail and prefrail older adults present lower eRMR than nonfrail adults.

Cited by 30 publications

References 35 publications

Age-Dependent Changes in Resting Energy Expenditure (REE): Insights from Detailed Body Composition Analysis in Normal and Overweight Healthy Caucasians

Age-Dependent Changes in Resting Energy Expenditure (REE): Insights from Detailed Body Composition Analysis in Normal and Overweight Healthy Caucasians

Prevalence of weight loss maintenance success in previous participants of a commercial weight loss programme in Accra, Ghana

Aged interleukin-10tm1Cgn chronically inflamed mice have substantially reduced fat mass, metabolic rate, and adipokines

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