Energy‐Absorbing TRIP‐Steel/Mg‐PSZ Composite Honeycomb Structures Based on Ceramic Extrusion at Room Temperature

Aneziris, Christos G.; Schärfl, Wolfgang; Biermann, Horst; Ullrich, M.

doi:10.1111/j.1744-7402.2008.02321.x

Cited by 61 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Refs. [16,17]). The plastic feed material based on the compositions listed in Table 1 is prepared by directly batching and mixing the raw materials in a high-shear auger mixer.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microstructure and Compression Strength of Novel TRIP‐Steel/Mg‐PSZ Composites

et al. 2009

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Powder metallurgy is a widely used technology to produce metal and composite components, respectively. This technology has a high efficiency in terms of material and offers the possibility to produce materials which cannot be formed by conventional techniques. In the field of metal matrix composites, hard metals are well-known examples. Other metal matrix composite materials offer high strength, wear resistance, and/or stiffness values combined with significant ductility or toughness, respectively.Most composite materials are based on light metal matrices as aluminum or titanium. However, iron-based composites have drawn only limited attention until now. Nevertheless, some examples of steel-based composite materials are presented in literature with high wear resistance or strength, respectively. [1][2][3][4][5] In the last decade several scientists have investigated different composite materials and micro-and macrostructure designs according to their ''crashworthiness.'' [6,7] Crashworthiness is the absorption of mechanical energy through controlled failure mechanisms and modes that enable a defined load profile during energy absorption. The specific energy absorption (SEA) per unit mass, the SEA per unit volume as well as the interlaminar fracture toughness as a ratio of the fracture toughness parameter to the Young's modulus are expressions in terms of the crashworthiness.In the present study, a novel composite material is suggested, composed of a metastable austenitic stainless steel as matrix which shows the so-called transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect. This TRIP effect yields high strain hardening and high ductility due to the deformation-induced formation of martensite. [8][9][10][11][12] As reinforcing phase, we suggest MgO partially stabilized zirconia (Mg-PSZ), which also shows a martensitic phase transformation from the tetragonal to the monoclinic crystal structure during deformation and/or temperature changes. [13][14][15] The transformation of Mg-PSZ provides a high shear and volume expansion, thus increasing the TRIP-effect of the steel.In terms of this work the ceramic extrusion technology, i.e., a plastic forming process at room temperature has been applied in order to produce cellular honeycomb structures based on MgO partially stabilized zirconia (Mg-PSZ) reinforced austenitic TRIP-steel matrix composites. [16,17] Compact COMMUNICATION Novel composites on basis of austenitic stainless TRIP-steel as matrix with reinforcements of Mg-PSZ are presented. Compact rods were produced by cold isostatic pressing and sintering, square honeycomb samples by the ceramic extrusion technique. The samples are characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy before and after deformation, showing the microstructure and the deformationinduced martensite formation. The mechanical properties of samples with 5 vol% zirconia are superior compared to zirconia-free samples and composites with higher zirconia contents in terms of bending and compression tests. The honeycomb samples exhibit extraordin...

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“…Refs. [16,17]). The plastic feed material based on the compositions listed in Table 1 is prepared by directly batching and mixing the raw materials in a high-shear auger mixer.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[16,17] Compact COMMUNICATION Novel composites on basis of austenitic stainless TRIP-steel as matrix with reinforcements of Mg-PSZ are presented. Compact rods were produced by cold isostatic pressing and sintering, square honeycomb samples by the ceramic extrusion technique.…”

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Microstructure and Compression Strength of Novel TRIP‐Steel/Mg‐PSZ Composites

et al. 2009

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“…[1,2] To achieve a high green strength in the MMCs, the particle size of the steel powder has to be close to the ceramic powder, which was reported to be 3.09 mm for MgO-PSZ. [3] According to Putimtsev, [4] the particle size distribution in atomized iron and nickel powders depends on the surface tension of the liquid metal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Surface Tension on Gas Atomization of a CrMnNi Steel Alloy

Dubberstein

Heller

2013

steel research int.

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The aim of the current research is the experimental investigation of the mass median particle size d 50 as a function of surface tension for liquid Cr-Mn-Ni steel alloy with 16% Cr, 7% Mn, and 9% Ni. To modify the liquid steel design sulfur was add to the Cr-Mn-Ni steel in five steps up to a 1000 mass ppm. The surface tension of the liquid steel alloy was measured using maximum bubble pressure method and yttria stabilized capillary in a temperature range from 1701 to 1881 K. In addition, the same steel charges were sprayed to steel powder using a vacuum inert gas atomization using pure argon gas. The increase of sulfur in Cr-Mn-Ni steel will decrease the surface tension to 0.91 N m À1 . The temperature coefficient of surface tension is positive for all investigated Cr-Mn-Ni alloys due to a sulfur content !100 mass ppm. The final mass median particle size d 50 decreases from 54.3 mm for AISI 304 reference steel alloy to 17.1 mm for Cr-Mn-Ni steel alloy (16-7-9 S10) with the highest sulfur content and the lowest surface tension of all investigated liquid steels. It is concluded from the present work that surface tension is the decisive factor in adjusting d 50 at a constant spraying parameters.

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“…[12] Spinel solid solutions Mn 0.5 (Cr, Al)O 2 were identified formed by the reaction between zirconia and steel. The stress-strain curves of the reinforced composites with 5 and 10 vol% zirconia show a large regime of strain hardening, followed by a plateau-like behavior with a flow stress of about 300 MPa at $25-35% compressive strain and a subsequent stress decrease due to partial failure of walls of the square honeycomb structure by bending and buckling.…”

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Novel TRIP‐Steel/Mg‐PSZ Composite–Open Cell Foam Structures for Energy Absorption

et al. 2010

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Composite materials and micro-and macrostructure designs have been the focus of numerous scientific studies over the past few years according to their crashworthiness. [1][2][3] Crashworthiness is concerned with the absorption of energy through controlled failure mechanisms and modes that enable a defined load profile during energy absorption. [4] The specific energy absorption per unit mass, the specific energy absorption per unit volume as well as the interlaminar fracture toughness as a ratio of the fracture toughness parameter to the Young's modulus are expressions in terms of the crashworthiness.Cellular materials, such as metal foams, are materials which display a unique combination of physical and mechanical properties, e.g., for crash box applications. The defining characteristic of metal foams is a very high porosity, typically in the range of 70-90 vol%. In principle, cellular metals can be manufactured from gas, liquid, or solid phases and currently the most advanced methods involve meltmetallurgical processes. [5] Several groups have produced foam structures by using hollow spheres to form the cells of the material. [6,7] These materials exhibited plateau stresses of 5 and 23 MPa, respectively, with volume specific energy absorptions SEA of 2 and 10 MJ m À3 respectively, up to 50% strain. [6,7] Rabiei et al. [8] have presented new crash absorbing foams based on stainless steel hollow spheres packed into a dense arrangement, with the interstitial spaces between the spheres filled with stainless steel powder and final sintering. The compressive strength of this closed-cell stainless steel material was given as 136 MPa at about 40% strain with an energy absorbed of 68 MJ m À3 up to 50% strain. [8] By combining ceramics with ductile metals, failuretolerant metal matrix composites (MMCs) can be created. With regard to application of the MMCs as wear resistant materials in metal forming tools a prolongation of the life time and the resultant reduced equipment downtimes have been achieved by active steel infiltrating of porous zirconia structures with the aid of Ti as activator. [9] A very promising approach concerning zirconia/steel-composite materials with superior mechanical properties has been demonstrated by Guo et al. using a low-alloyed TRIP-steel in combination with an Y-PSZ-ceramic. [10,11] Martensitic transformation in TRIP-steels (TRansformation Induced Plasticity) can improve not only materials strength, but also ductility to a greater degree by the deformation-induced transformation of the metastable austenite to martensite. With the incorporation of up to 20 vol% Y-PSZ in the TRIP-steel matrix Guo et al. COMMUNICATION[*] Prof.Porous materials have received extensive attention for energy absorption in the last years. In terms of this study austenitic TRIP-steel/Mg-PSZ composite-open cell foam structures are formed based on replicas using open-celled polyurethane foam as a skeleton with and without a supporting dense face (jacket) coating. Their compression strength as well as their specific ener...

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Energy‐Absorbing TRIP‐Steel/Mg‐PSZ Composite Honeycomb Structures Based on Ceramic Extrusion at Room Temperature

Cited by 61 publications

References 16 publications

Microstructure and Compression Strength of Novel TRIP‐Steel/Mg‐PSZ Composites

Microstructure and Compression Strength of Novel TRIP‐Steel/Mg‐PSZ Composites

Effect of Surface Tension on Gas Atomization of a CrMnNi Steel Alloy

Novel TRIP‐Steel/Mg‐PSZ Composite–Open Cell Foam Structures for Energy Absorption

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