Energy, altitude, and mass dependence of steepness of the lateral distribution function of electrons and muons in extensive air showers

Rastegarzadeh, Gohar; Rafezi, L.

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2014.06.055

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…As we know the slope of the particle lateral distribution function is correlated with the depth of the air shower maximum (Xmax). The more penetrative the air shower, which has less spatial distance to the observer, the steeper the radial distribution and vice versa (Rastegarzadeh and Rafezi, 2014). As a result, energy density function of charged particles at ALBORZ observatory which is closer to the shower maximum is steeper than one at KASCADE.…”

Section: Energy Distributions Of Charged Particles In Different Altitmentioning

confidence: 95%

Study of the extensive air shower mass sensitive parameters in prototype of ALBORZ array

Rastegarzadeh

Nemati

2015

Advances in Space Research

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Section: Energy Distributions Of Charged Particles In Different Altitmentioning

confidence: 95%

Study of the extensive air shower mass sensitive parameters in prototype of ALBORZ array

Rastegarzadeh

Nemati

2015

Advances in Space Research

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“…As it mentioned before, LDF has a crucial role in estimating shower size, finding core location and determining particle density in different distances from the core. In order to specify R opt and obtain density in R opt, three conventional lateral distribution functions were used: Power law function (1) Haverah Park function [10] ( ) (2) and NKG type function [11] ( ) ( )…”

Section: Calculating R Opt For Alborz-i Arraymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When high energy cosmic ray (E>10 13 eV) interacted with atmosphere molecules, a shower of secondary particles is created called Extensive air shower (EAS). Mass, energy and arrival direction of cosmic rays can be determined by using different characteristics of EAS particles like maximum depth in atmosphere X m and its fluctuations σ(X m ) [1], steepness of lateral distribution of particles [2] ,multiplicity ,density and type of secondary particles [3] ,shower size [4], arrival time [5] etc. Using ground based array of particle detectors is one of the most common methods to study EAS characteristics by sampling EAS particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating primary energy of cosmic rays by calculating secondary particles density in optimum distance from shower core

Rastegarzadeh

Rafezi

2018

Int. J. Mod. Phys. D

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Optimum distance (R opt ) is a distance from the shower core in which the density calculated by lateral distribution function, has its minimum uncertainty. In this paper, Using CORSIKA code, proton, carbon and iron primary in the energy range between 10 13 -3×10 15 eV are simulated to find R opt for Alborz-I array located at an altitude of 1200 m above sea level. It is shown that R opt is approximately independent of characteristics of primary particle and it is only dependent to array configuration. Dependency of R opt on layout and detector spacing for 20 Alborz-I array detectors, are studied. It is shown that the Alborz-I array layout and its detector spacing result into the best (minimum uncertainty) R opt for its number of detectors. In this work R opt for Alborz-I array is obtained about 9±1 m. In addition, it is shown that, by finding dependency of primary energy to density in optimum distance, energy of primary particle can be estimated well. An energy estimation function is suggested and the function is examined by another set of simulated showers.

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“…The scattering angles of the muons along the EAS propagation are smaller than of the electrons and therefore the muon lateral distribution is flatter than the electron lateral distribution (Rastegarzadeh and Rafezi 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…proton showers) decreases with sharper slope than heavy primary initiated showers (e.g. the iron showers) (Rastegarzadeh and Rafezi 2014). So lateral distributions of secondary particles can be regarded as a good mass discriminator in cosmic ray studies (Zha 2011;Ambrosio et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of single and combined mass-sensitive observables of cosmic ray induced extensive air showers

Rastegarzadeh

Nemati

2016

Astrophys Space Sci

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In this study, combinations of the global arrival time, ( τ global ), pseudorapidity, and lateral density distribution (ρ μ ) of muons, which are three mass-sensitive observables of cosmic ray induced extensive air showers, have been used as new parameters to study the primary mass discrimination around the knee energies (100 TeV-10 PeV). This is a simulation-based study and the simulations have been performed for the KASCADE array at Karlsruhe and the Alborz-I array at Tehran to study the effect of the altitude on the quality of the primary mass discrimination. The merit factors of the single and combined three mass-sensitive observables have been calculated to compare the discrimination power of combined and single observables. We have used the CORSIKA 7.4 code to simulate the extensive air showers (EASs) sample sets. Considering all aspects of our study, it is found that the ratio of the global time to the lateral density distribution of the muons gives better results than other ratios; also in the case of single observables, the muon density gives better results compared with the other observables. Also it is shown that below 1 PeV primary energies, the ratio of the muon global time to the muon density ( τ global /ρ μ ) results in a better mass discrimination relative to the muon density only.

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Energy, altitude, and mass dependence of steepness of the lateral distribution function of electrons and muons in extensive air showers

Cited by 6 publications

References 2 publications

Study of the extensive air shower mass sensitive parameters in prototype of ALBORZ array

Study of the extensive air shower mass sensitive parameters in prototype of ALBORZ array

Estimating primary energy of cosmic rays by calculating secondary particles density in optimum distance from shower core

Study of single and combined mass-sensitive observables of cosmic ray induced extensive air showers

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