Energy analysis for wireless sensor networks

Noroozi, Erfaneh; Kadivar, Javad; shafiee, Samira Hasani

doi:10.1109/icmee.2010.5558401

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…ECC and RSA have also been studied in terms of power consumption in different scenarios (e.g., [37,38]), but such studies fall short in some aspects (e.g., security levels are not taken into account, the consumed energy is just estimated or outdated hardware platforms and insecure/deprecated cipher suites are used). No paper providing a fair comparison of power consumption in real-world IoT devices with proper security levels, which is presented in Section 4, was found.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clock Frequency Impact on the Performance of High-Security Cryptographic Cipher Suites for Energy-Efficient Resource-Constrained IoT Devices

Suárez-Albela

Fraga‐Lamas

Castedo

et al. 2018

Sensors

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Modern Internet of Things (IoT) systems have to be able to provide high-security levels, but it is difficult to accommodate computationally-intensive cryptographic algorithms on the resource-constrained hardware used to deploy IoT end nodes. Although this scenario brings the opportunity for using advanced security mechanisms such as Transport Layer Security (TLS), several configuration factors impact both the performance and the energy consumption of IoT systems. In this study, two of the most used TLS authentication algorithms (ECDSA and RSA) were compared when executed on a resource-constrained IoT node based on the ESP32 System-on-Chip (SoC), which was tested at different clock frequencies (80, 160 and 240 MHz) when providing different security levels (from 80 to 192 bits). With every tested configuration, energy consumption and average time per transaction were measured. The results show that ECDSA outperforms RSA in all performed tests and that certain software implementations may lead to scenarios where higher security-level alternatives outperform cryptosystems that are theoretically simpler and lighter in terms of energy consumption and data throughput. Moreover, the performed experiments allow for concluding that higher clock frequencies provide better performance in terms of throughput and, in contrast to what may be expected, less energy consumption.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clock Frequency Impact on the Performance of High-Security Cryptographic Cipher Suites for Energy-Efficient Resource-Constrained IoT Devices

Suárez-Albela

Fraga‐Lamas

Castedo

et al. 2018

Sensors

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“…ECC and RSA power consumption has been also studied in different scenarios [ 24 , 82 , 83 ]. Moreover, a framework for analyzing power consumption of cryptographic algorithms and security protocols is proposed in [ 84 ].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Practical Evaluation of a High-Security Energy-Efficient Gateway for IoT Fog Computing Applications

Suárez-Albela

Fernández‐Caramés

Fraga‐Lamas

et al. 2017

Sensors

105

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Fog computing extends cloud computing to the edge of a network enabling new Internet of Things (IoT) applications and services, which may involve critical data that require privacy and security. In an IoT fog computing system, three elements can be distinguished: IoT nodes that collect data, the cloud, and interconnected IoT gateways that exchange messages with the IoT nodes and with the cloud. This article focuses on securing IoT gateways, which are assumed to be constrained in terms of computational resources, but that are able to offload some processing from the cloud and to reduce the latency in the responses to the IoT nodes. However, it is usually taken for granted that IoT gateways have direct access to the electrical grid, which is not always the case: in mission-critical applications like natural disaster relief or environmental monitoring, it is common to deploy IoT nodes and gateways in large areas where electricity comes from solar or wind energy that charge the batteries that power every device. In this article, how to secure IoT gateway communications while minimizing power consumption is analyzed. The throughput and power consumption of Rivest–Shamir–Adleman (RSA) and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) are considered, since they are really popular, but have not been thoroughly analyzed when applied to IoT scenarios. Moreover, the most widespread Transport Layer Security (TLS) cipher suites use RSA as the main public key-exchange algorithm, but the key sizes needed are not practical for most IoT devices and cannot be scaled to high security levels. In contrast, ECC represents a much lighter and scalable alternative. Thus, RSA and ECC are compared for equivalent security levels, and power consumption and data throughput are measured using a testbed of IoT gateways. The measurements obtained indicate that, in the specific fog computing scenario proposed, ECC is clearly a much better alternative than RSA, obtaining energy consumption reductions of up to 50% and a data throughput that doubles RSA in most scenarios. These conclusions are then corroborated by a frame temporal analysis of Ethernet packets. In addition, current data compression algorithms are evaluated, concluding that, when dealing with the small payloads related to IoT applications, they do not pay off in terms of real data throughput and power consumption.

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“…It is established that ECC is a relatively efficient public key crypto, relevant to RSA and other popular algorithms, thus it is suitable for WSNs [4–6, 16, 17]. L-PKI utilizes ECC with keys of 160 bits [18].…”

Section: L-pki Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Protocols to Ensure Security Services in Wireless Sensor Networks

Faisal

Al‐Muhtadi

Al-Dhelaan

2013

International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks

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Security in current/next generation wireless sensor network (WSN) is challenging, due to its special characteristics and the scarcity of energy, and processing power. Thus, many security methods are trying to solve the problem of security in wireless sensor networks. Many of these methods use symmetric cryptography, and others use asymmetric cryptography. Security in WSN demands authentication, confidentiality, integrity, balancing the energy cost, nonreputation, and scalability services. In this paper, we introduce two protocols to address these main security services. The proposed protocols integrate public key and symmetric key algorithms to ensure optimal usage of sensors' energy and processing power to provide adequate security in next generation WSN. The proposed protocols utilize Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC), Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), Certification Authority (CA), and Registration Authority (RA) to achieve a reasonable tradeoff.

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Energy analysis for wireless sensor networks

Cited by 13 publications

References 10 publications

Clock Frequency Impact on the Performance of High-Security Cryptographic Cipher Suites for Energy-Efficient Resource-Constrained IoT Devices

Clock Frequency Impact on the Performance of High-Security Cryptographic Cipher Suites for Energy-Efficient Resource-Constrained IoT Devices

A Practical Evaluation of a High-Security Energy-Efficient Gateway for IoT Fog Computing Applications

Integrated Protocols to Ensure Security Services in Wireless Sensor Networks

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