“…In order to validate this suggestion, we analyzed a family of Robinson-Trautman (RT) spacetimes [33,34], representing an (eternal) BH together with purely outgoing gravitational radiation. The mathematical properties of this class of exact solutions is already well understood [37][38][39][40], therefore this spacetime is a good test for numerical schemes [41,42] and it is an excellent toy model for problems dealing with radiation in BH environments [43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54]. Although the associated BH horizon is stationary, these RT spacetimes also contain a white-hole horizon H − [40,[55][56][57], or, more precisely, a past outer-trapping horizon [58], whose dynamics offers a particularly well-suited scenario to test our geometric approach.…”