The consumption of energy and carbon emission in cloud datacenters are the
alarming issues in recent times, while optimizing the average response time
and service level agreement (SLA) violations. Handful of researches have
been conducted in these domains during virtual machine placement (VMP) in
cloud milieu. Moreover it is hard to find researches on VMP considering the
cloud regions and the availability zones along with the datacenters,
although both of them play significant roles in VMP. Hence, we have worked
on a novel approach to propose a hybrid metaheuristic technique combining
the salp swarm optimization and emperor penguins colony algorithm, i.e.
SSEPC to place the virtual machines in the most suitable regions,
availability zones, datacenters, and servers in a cloud environment, while
optimizing the mentioned quality of service parameters. Our suggested
technique is compared with some of the contemporary hybrid algorithms in
this direction like Sine Cosine Algorithm and Salp Swarm Algorithm
(SCA-SSA), Genetic Algorithm and Tabu-search Algorithm (GATA), and Order
Exchange & Migration algorithm and Ant Colony System algorithm (OEMACS) to
test its efficacy. It is found that the proposed SSEPC is consuming 4.4%,
8.2%, and 16.6% less energy and emitting 28.8%, 32.83%, and 37.45% less
carbon, whereas reducing the average response time by 11.43%, 18.57%, and
26% as compared to its counterparts GATA, OEMACS, and SCA-SSA respectively.
In case of SLA violations, SSEPC has shown its effectiveness by lessening
the value of this parameter by 0.4%, 1.2%, and 2.8% as compared to SCA-SSA,
GATA, and OEMACS respectively.