Energy and carbon embodied in the international trade of Brazil: an input–output approach

Machado, Giovani; Schaeffer, Roberto; Worrell, Ernst

doi:10.1016/s0921-8009(01)00230-0

Cited by 367 publications

(190 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Many studies have put forward the consumption-based CO 2 emissions (CBE) accounting system [6][7][8] mostly with the help of multi-regional input-output model (MRIO). Research on this topic may be largely classified into (1) studies on CO 2 emissions flows hidden behind global trade for one single country or that between two countries [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]; and (2) studies on CO 2 emissions hidden behind global trade fluxes [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Some recent studies indicated that CO 2 emissions contained in global product-exchange fluxes have increased.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Value-Added-Based Accounting of CO2 Emissions: A Multi-Regional Input-Output Approach

Liu

Fan

2017

Sustainability

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Abstract:In the era of globalization and international trade, the production-based CO 2 emissions accounting system, proposed by United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, can easily lead to a "carbon leakage" issue. Thus, the accounting of consumption-based carbon emissions and carbon emissions embodied in international trade has received considerable research attention. Nevertheless, researchers also indicated that the consumption-based principle has some weaknesses, for example, it leads the producers inert on reducing carbon emissions while gaining economic benefits. To share carbon emissions responsibilities between producers and consumers is widely recognized. So, setting an income-based emissions accounting method as to producer is a necessary complement for accounting national carbon emissions. This study promoted a model, called the value-added-based accounting of CO 2 emissions method, to account for anthropogenic CO 2 emissions within the context of the economic benefit principle. Based on the global multi-regional input-output table and national carbon emissions database, we calculated the national/regional carbon emissions based on the value-added accounting approach as well as the amount of global carbon emissions embodied in value-added chains. If the results are served as a supplement for calculating the amount of CO 2 emissions reduction that a country is responsible for, problems such as carbon leakage and resistance to improving the energy efficiency of exporting sector may be solved, because all the supply chains emissions associated with the economic growth of a country would be considered.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Value-Added-Based Accounting of CO2 Emissions: A Multi-Regional Input-Output Approach

Liu

Fan

2017

Sustainability

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“…Peters and Hertwich [11] found that the CO 2 embodied in international trade may have a significant impact on participation in and the effectiveness of global climate policies. Since that finding, a growing body of literature has been intensively developed in this field, such as in Spain [12], Brazil [13], Sweden [14], Norway [15], Denmark [16], Australia [17] and Italy [18]. Overall, these studies considered developed countries (such as the US and Japan) to be net importers of emissions embodied in trade (EET) and developing countries (such as China and Russia) to be net exporters of EET.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining PM2.5 Emissions Embodied in China’s Supply Chain Using a Multiregional Input-Output Analysis

2017

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Abstract:Haze has become an urgent problem for China's highly populated cities. Regional collaboration is an effective method for controlling air pollution. Because air pollution diffuses freely, it is necessary to distribute the responsibility for pollution with a common and differentiated rule. Based on a multiregional input-output model, this article calculated the PM 2.5 emissions embodied in provincial trade (EEPT) of China's 30 provinces in 2007 and 2010. The results show that the PM 2.5 EEPT accounts for almost one-third of the production-based PM 2.5 emissions of China. The economic crisis lowered the EEPT, while the ratio between the EEPT and production-based PM 2.5 emissions has increased. The EEPT values of the eastern provinces are mainly due to the EEPT embodied in final consumption, while the EEPT values of the central, northeastern, and the western provinces are due to the EEPT embodied in the intermediate input. We also analyzed different compositions of EEPT, such as fixed capital formation and consumption. The emissions embodied in provincial imports are mainly due to fixed capital formation. Due to the policies of the West Development, the Rising of Central China, and Promoting the Old Industrial Base in the Northeast, the central government increased the investment to these areas. The ratios of the EEPT embodied in the fixed capital formation to the total EEPT of the central (0.64), northeastern (0.69), and the western provinces (0.65) are higher than that of the eastern provinces (0.62). This indicates that the government need to establish different policies to control the effects of EEPT. In addition to the challenges of regional collaboration, environmental damage and the EEPT should be taken into account. The importers in the collaboration should consider providing compensation to the exporters in the collaboration.

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“…Research on this topic could be roughly divided into two categories. The first is a separate study on carbon emissions embodied in the trade either internally within a specific-country or the trade between two countries (Lenzen, 1998;Sánchez-Chóliz and Duarte, 2004;Pan et al, 2008;Lin and Sun, 2010;Li and Hewitt, 2008;Yu and Wang, 2010;Xu et al, 2009;Dong et al, 2010;Du et al, 2011;Machado et al, 2001;Mäenpää and Siikavirta, 2007;McGregor et al, 2008;Rhee and Chung, 2006). The second is a comprehensive study on carbon emissions embodied in global trade between major countries or regions in the world (Ahmad and Wyckoff, 2003;Chen and Chen, 2011;Davis et al, 2011;Lenzen et al, 2004;Munksgaard et al, 2005;Peters et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon emissions embodied in demand–supply chains in China

Liu

Fan

et al. 2015

Energy Economics

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Using the multi-regional input-output model (MRIO), the paper distinguishes the carbon emissions embodied in commodities for domestic final consumption (CBEs, consumption-based emissions) and those for export (EBEs, export-based emissions), and then calculates carbon emissions embodied in the demand-supply chains for consumption and export based on technical coefficients matrix of the MRIO for one country. Taking China as an example, we provide a dynamic analysis of CBEs, EBEs, and carbon emissions embodied in consumption and export demand-supply chains at the sub-national level based on the MRIO tables for 1997 and 2007. The results show that, in China, the transferred carbon emissions embodied in demand-supply chains driven by consumption and export both showed rapid growth during [1997][1998][1999][2000][2001][2002][2003][2004][2005][2006][2007]. And the net transferred carbon emissions embodied in the demand-supply chains showed an increasing trend as well. Less developed regions with abundant fossil fuels tend to net flow out carbon emissions.

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Energy and carbon embodied in the international trade of Brazil: an input–output approach

Cited by 367 publications

References 27 publications

Value-Added-Based Accounting of CO2 Emissions: A Multi-Regional Input-Output Approach

Value-Added-Based Accounting of CO2 Emissions: A Multi-Regional Input-Output Approach

Examining PM2.5 Emissions Embodied in China’s Supply Chain Using a Multiregional Input-Output Analysis

Carbon emissions embodied in demand–supply chains in China

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