Energy and CO₂ Emissions Penalty Ranges for Geologic Carbon Storage Brine Management

Abstract

Safe and cost-effective geologic carbon storage will require active CO 2 reservoir management, including brine extraction to minimize subsurface pressure accumulation. While past simulation and experimental efforts have estimated brine extraction volumes, carbon management policies must also assess the energy or emissions penalties of managing and disposing of this brine. We estimate energy and CO 2 emission penalties of extracted brine management on a per tonne of CO 2 stored basis by spatially integrating CO 2 emissions from U.S. coal-fired electric generating units, CO 2 storage reservoirs, and brine salinity data sets under several carbon and water management scenarios. We estimate a median energy penalty of 4.4−35 kWh/tonne CO 2 stored, suggesting that brine management will be the largest post capture and compression energy sink in the carbon storage process. These estimates of energy demand for brine management are useful for evaluating end-uses for treated brine, assessing the cost of CO 2 storage at the reservoir level, and optimizing national CO 2 transport and storage infrastructure.

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“…1,2 Extensive consumption of fossil fuel resources accounts for an approximate 75% increase in anthropogenic CO 2 emissions. 3 Reducing anthropogenic CO 2 emissions from the primary sources can efficiently depress the global warming rising by 2 or 1.5 °C before 2100. 4 Limiting global temperature growth depends largely on designing costeffective technologies to support deep decarbonization.…”

“…4 Limiting global temperature growth depends largely on designing costeffective technologies to support deep decarbonization. 3 CO 2 capture and storage (CCS) is a crucial technology toward avoiding CO 2 emissions and mitigating climate change. 5,6 Typically, CCS through an aqueous monoethanolamine (MEA) solvent as an absorbent is regarded as the most accessible technique for CO 2 capture.…”