Energy and economic assessment of major free cooling retrofits for data centersin Turkey

Gozcu, Ozan; Erden, Hamza Salih

doi:10.3906/elk-1811-177

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In 2018, an air-cooled CS in Helsinki-Finland was transformed into a liquid-cooled telecommunication equipment, it resulted in 70% annual energy savings and an 80% reduction in CO2 emissions compared to air cooling, with the potential to use 80% of total dissipated energy for heating (Huttunen et al, 2020). The study by Gözcü and Erden (2019), examines the energy consumption of data centres using free cooling systems like the direct air-side economizer , indirect air-side economizer , indirect evaporative cooler , indirect water-side economizer integrated with the existing cooling infrastructure of a typical 1 MW IT load centres. Results showed that indirect evaporative cooler IEC had the most energy-saving potential, reducing chiller hours by less than 10% across Turkey and by 1% in half of the cities studied.…”

Section: Review Of Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Free Cooling Technique at the Telecom Cell Site in Ghana

Boakye,

Ohene Adu,

Nunoo

et al. 2024

ESJ

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Air Conditioning (AC) is the primary source of cooling in a typical Cell Site (CS) although it consumes a large quantity of electricity. Excessive energy consumption due to air conditioning increases the operational expenses of telecommunication companies. Therefore, network operators have attempted various techniques to reduce the exorbitant cost of a cell site’s high-power consumption. A Free Cooling (FC) System is one such approach. This paper uses computer modeling to investigate how the FC System will function at a CS in Ghana for 12 hours (from 6 pm to 6 am). A shelter with dimensions of 3 m × 2.47 m × 2.45 m (L × B × H) is used in the study, with three window positioning scenarios (different window heights), namely: (a) an inlet window 0.5 m high, and the outlet window 1.5 m high, (b) an inlet window and outlet window both 1.0 m high and (c) an inlet window 1.5 m high, and the outlet window 0.5 m high. The analysis revealed that the shelter with inlet and outlet windows at the same height has the most efficient heat dissipation potential. Furthermore, at a set temperature threshold of 25 °C, the annual percentage share for the two operating modes is approximately 67% for AC and 33% for FC in 2020, 76% for AC and 24% for FC in 2021, and 61% for AC and 39% for FC in 2022. However, when the set temperature threshold is increased from 25 °C to 30 °C, the annual percentage share is approximately 0.01% for AC and 99.9% for FC in 2020, 0% for AC and 100% for FC in 2021, and 1% for AC and 99% for FC in 2022. Thus, the proportion of free cooling increases as the set temperature threshold is raised, indicating potential energy savings. It could be concluded that in Ghana, installing a cell site with an FC system and setting the temperature of its control system to 30 °C or higher will result in significant energy savings.

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Section: Review Of Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Free Cooling Technique at the Telecom Cell Site in Ghana

Boakye,

Ohene Adu,

Nunoo

et al. 2024

ESJ

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“…Gozcu et al [29] employed energy simulation to compare the energy use of freecooling systems: a direct air-side economiser, an indirect air-side economiser, an indirect evaporative cooler, and an indirect water-side economiser integrated with the existing cooling infrastructure of a typical 1-MW IT load data centre using the TRNSYS energysimulation program. The indirect air-side economiser with an evaporative cooler yielded the highest annual energy savings; however, it had an increased payback compared to the other technologies analysed.…”

Section: Modelling Data Centres: Advantages Limits and The Gapmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The indirect air-side economiser with an evaporative cooler yielded the highest annual energy savings; however, it had an increased payback compared to the other technologies analysed. The water-side economiser provided the shortest payback due to its low capital cost [29]. Lee and Chen [30] analysed seventeen climate zones through eQuest energy-simulation software, applying an air-side economiser with enthalpy control to a five-storey data centre.…”

Section: Modelling Data Centres: Advantages Limits and The Gapmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although air-side economisers offer the potential for free cooling, there is a lack of comprehensive investigation regarding their full potential in diverse climates. Previous studies have focused on specific applications and limited climate conditions, neglecting the impact of weather variations on air-side economiser performance [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. Therefore, this study aims to bridge this gap by evaluating the energy-saving potential of air-side economisers in modular data centres across four different dominant climate conditions.…”

Section: Modelling Data Centres: Advantages Limits and The Gapmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Energy-Saving Potential of Air-Side Economisers in Modular Data Centres: Analysis of Opportunities and Risks in Different Climates

Badiei,

Jadowski,

Sadati

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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This study examines the feasibility of utilising outside air for ‘free cooling’ in modular data centres through the implementation of an air-side economiser, as an alternative to traditional mechanical cooling systems. The objective is to offset the energy consumption associated with cooling by leveraging the natural cooling capacity of the ambient air. To investigate this potential, a 90-kW modular data centre is employed as the base case for model validation and analysis of energy reduction possibilities. The research employs dynamic thermal modelling techniques to assess the efficacy of the air-side economiser in four distinct climatic zones: Stockholm, Dubai, San Francisco, and Singapore, representing diverse worldwide climates. The model is meticulously calibrated and validated using power usage effectiveness (PUE) values obtained from the Open Compute Project. Simulation runs are conducted to evaluate the energy-reduction potential achievable with the air-side economiser compared to conventional mechanical air-conditioning systems. The results indicate significant energy reductions of up to 86% in moderate climates, while minimal reductions are observed in dry and hot climates. This comprehensive analysis offers valuable insights into the intricate relationship between modular data centres, their operational characteristics, and the viability of employing air-side economisers for free cooling and energy efficiency across different climatic conditions. The contribution of this publication to this field of science lies in its exploration of the practicality and energy-saving potential of air-side economisers in modular data centres. By utilising dynamic thermal modelling and empirical validation, this study provides evidence-based insights into the effectiveness of this cooling strategy, shedding light on its applicability in various climates. The findings contribute to the understanding of energy-efficient cooling solutions in data-centre design and operation, paving the way for more sustainable practices in the field.

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“…Tablo 5 ekonomik analiz ile ilgili çeşitli kaynaklardan derlenen varsayımları özetlemektedir. Çeşitli veri merkezi iyileştirme yatırımları için literatürde indirgeme oranı olarak %8 ve kullanım ömrü olarak 15-20 yıl varsayılmıştır [30,36,37]. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada da benzer yaklaşım tercih edilmiştir.…”

Section: Bp Modellerinin Tasarım Detayları (Design Details Of the Bp ...unclassified

Küçük bir veri merkezinin iklimlendirme ünitelerine yönelik baypas yönteminin enerji ve ekonomik analizi

ERDEN

TÜRKMEN

2022

Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi

Self Cite

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Earlier optimization studies utilized reduced-order modeling approach combining flow network modeling at room level and thermodynamic modeling at the cooling infrastructure level to investigate the energy saving potential of the computer room air handling (CRAH) bypass (BP) method for data centers. Flow network modeling worked well in predicting the cooling infrastructure power use at various BP fractions. While existing studies are either on hypothetical data centers or experimental setups, there is no considerable work on the feasibility of the method in real and operational data center. Economic requirements of the method is another aspect missing in the literature. This study includes assessments on the feasibility of the CRAH BP methods (forced and induced) in an operational data center using reduced-order modeling approaches suggested in the literature. As a result of the energy and economic analysis of various scenarios, it has been concluded that the feasibility of the CRAH BP method is directly related to the number of fans required by the design and recommendations for application have been proposed.

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Energy and economic assessment of major free cooling retrofits for data centersin Turkey

Cited by 9 publications

References 14 publications

Evaluation of Free Cooling Technique at the Telecom Cell Site in Ghana

Evaluation of Free Cooling Technique at the Telecom Cell Site in Ghana

The Energy-Saving Potential of Air-Side Economisers in Modular Data Centres: Analysis of Opportunities and Risks in Different Climates

Küçük bir veri merkezinin iklimlendirme ünitelerine yönelik baypas yönteminin enerji ve ekonomik analizi

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