Energy and Environmental Security Nexus in Pakistan

Hassan, Mabroor; Khan, Muhammad Irfan; Mumtaz, M.; Mukhtar, Hamid

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-63654-8_6

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The climate, energy, land, agriculture, and water nexus has very strong connections with many SDGs (Sridharan et al, 2018) including SDG-13, SDG-12, SDG-7, SDG-6, and SDG-2. There may be a paradigm shift due to water and energy insecurity (Hassan et al, 2021) and its crises as a result of a supply and demand gap (Bilal et al, 2018). It can be better understood once a clear picture of the current state of governance for climatecompatible development, environmental security, and sustainability of the water sector in developing countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling principles, criteria and indicators to assess water sector governance for climate compatibility and sustainability

Iqbal

Khan

Mikhaylov

et al. 2023

Front. Environ. Sci.

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The United Nations SDGs Report 2020 revealed that climatic variability victimized masses across the globe in 2018 and the global average temperature would rise to 3.2°C during this century. The GHG emission reduction targets for 2030 were prioritized under the Paris Climate Agreement (PCA) of 2015 to keep the rise in global temperature below 1.5°C. Here, parallel action for climate adaptation is on top of it. However, targets for both adaptation and mitigation are lagging. Climatic variations will continue more likely with similar trends thus influencing the development needs vis-à-vis environmental security and sustainability of resources. It entails climate compatibility, particularly for the water security agenda for SDG-13 and Paris Climate Agreement (PCA), which requires an inclusive governance regime and ownership for national and sub-national scenarios. In this context, this paper aimed to assess existing water sector governance for climate compatible development (CCD) by taking the case of Pakistan which is among the top 10 countries vulnerable to climate change. Considering the limitations of available methodologies due to the involvement of various aspects and concepts of governance, an integrated multivariate mix-method model was formulated by combining rules and rights-oriented approaches. This MCDA-based model integrates six novel climate governance principles against six basic components of the basic institutional governance framework; Simple Multi-attribute Rating Technique (SMART) with a set of sectoral indicators of 09 criteria of climate compatible development (CCD). It proved well for this water sector case study with cross-sectional data from 340 key informant interviews (KIIs) and 17 focus group discussions (FGDs) in Pakistan, validated statistically. It can be used for periodic sectoral governance assessments for CCD.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling principles, criteria and indicators to assess water sector governance for climate compatibility and sustainability

Iqbal

Khan

Mikhaylov

et al. 2023

Front. Environ. Sci.

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“…Pakistan's energy needs cannot be met by conventional energy sources, which currently consist of oil and gas‐derived thermal (62%) and nuclear (8%), together with hydropower (25%). The enormous potential of renewable energy technologies, such as wind (346 GW), solar (1 000 GW), and hydro (45 GW) power, has been evaluated for Pakistan and considered as a solution to the country's energy demands (Hassan et al, 2021; Siddiqi et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the potential for alternative energy sources such as wind and solar energy, their use has only begun in Pakistan since 2015, although hydropower been in use since 1970 and formerly provided 70% of the national power supply (Hassan et al, 2021). The Indus River, which accounts for 66% of the known potential for hydropower resources and can potentially generate the majority Pakistan's electricity, primarily located in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Gilgit Baltistan (Uddin et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological impact assessment of dam construction: A case study of Diamer Basha Dam Gilgit‐Baltistan, Pakistan

Shahab

Bohnett

Ahmad

et al. 2023

River Research & Apps

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Dam construction poses significant ecological impact, both during the initial construction phase and long after the dam is completed. The Diamer Basha Dam, situated on the River Indus in the Gilgit‐Baltistan district of Pakistan, is receiving significant attention due to the ecological consequences of the proposed and ongoing construction. The Dam is a 272‐m‐tall reservoir with a 9867.912 Mm3 (million cubic meter) capacity and will be the world's highest roller compact concrete dam. The assessment of local ecological impacts was compiled in a checklist and matrices format to discuss the impacts on the status of species diversity in the study area. Using a random sample methodology, line transects, and quadrats were employed to evaluate phytosociological properties of vegetation. The floral parameters recorded were percent cover, species richness, vegetation composition, frequency, and density. The ecological analysis included principal component analysis to compare the distributions of sustained and lost vegetation in response to water flow variables. This research showed that several plant species withstand periods of high peak flow, like Salix tetrasperma, Rumex dentatis, Trifolium resupinatum, and Polygonum. Additionally, visual observations, plot surveys, transects, and published reports were used to compile the faunal data used to determine habitat distribution. According to the analysis, immediate effects of dam construction activities such as blasting, quarrying, and traffic noise cause severe disturbances to existing biodiversity and habitats with high ecological vulnerability, and have long‐term effects on ecological integrity and environmental health in downstream and upstream habitats. The study presents the present status of biological and ecological conditions, as a baseline reference datum for a comparative analysis of the changes caused by the dam's construction.

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“…A worse crisis is the destruction of natural resources using failed construction methods. The experiences from the mentioned problems emphasize using sustainable energy in housing (Hassan et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future Homes With the Application of Ancient Building Experience, New Structural Techniques, and Natural Energy Consumption

Tian,

Shahraki

2023

Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management

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This study analyses some characteristics of ancient construction and clarifies how they used renewable energy in their homes. This article analyzes ancient houses that were nature-oriented and used renewable energy. This study focuses on the structural system of ancient houses in Sistan. It dissects the structural elements of the old homes. The autopsy of the ancient house structure of Sistan shows the reader the techniques used in ancient architecture to provide energy. The research methods of this article are to examine the energy supply experiences of houses in the form of a case study of an old Sistan house to discover their energy-supplying techniques. This article uses the techniques used in Sistani houses with the application of modern house-building technologies, to develop a nature-oriented model. In fact, the model presented in this article is a modernized version of the ancient house of Sistan. This model gives a house completely friendly to nature and the environment and knowledge-oriented. The model contributes to housing programs addressing new requirements. Our proposed housing model and its general principles are replicable in other regions globally to use green energy sustainably.

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Energy and Environmental Security Nexus in Pakistan

Cited by 9 publications

References 5 publications

Modeling principles, criteria and indicators to assess water sector governance for climate compatibility and sustainability

Modeling principles, criteria and indicators to assess water sector governance for climate compatibility and sustainability

Ecological impact assessment of dam construction: A case study of Diamer Basha Dam Gilgit‐Baltistan, Pakistan

Future Homes With the Application of Ancient Building Experience, New Structural Techniques, and Natural Energy Consumption

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