Energy and exergy efficiencies as design criteria for grain dryers

Amantéa, Rafael Pinheiro; Fortes, Mauri; Ferreira, Wanyr Romero; Santos, Gisele Tessari

doi:10.1080/07373937.2017.1409232

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Furthermore, in the grain and seed industries, the process with the highest energy consumption is drying, ranging between 12% and 25% of the energy cost used by the entire industry (Amantéa et al, 2018; Kasmaprapruet et al, 2009; Kumar et al, 2014). Regarding the processing of corn and rice grains, the percentages correspond about 60% and 55%, respectively (Amantéa et al, 2018; Kasmaprapruet et al, 2009; Kumar et al, 2014). Alternative methods are studied to reduce energy consumption during the drying process, such as intermittent drying (Amantéa et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conventional and intermittent drying modeling of agricultural products: A review

Aranha

Defendi

Jorge

2022

J Food Process Engineering

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The purpose of this article is to present a discussion about recent technologies applied to processes involving intermittent drying of agricultural products, in addition to verifying the adjustment of mathematical models, both for conventional and intermittent drying, based on recent research in the literature. It was found that new mathematical models are being studied to describe the drying kinetics, one of which is the generalized Lewis model. Regarding intermittent drying, mathematical models are generally based on mass and energy balances. Furthermore, to obtain the mathematical modeling of intermittent drying for intermittent products, some researchers employ the effective diffusivity technique to describe all possible mechanisms of moisture movement, being estimated by Fick's second law of diffusion. Energy savings were also analyzed for different raw materials, ranging from 6% to 75%. It has been shown that the tempering time, and the conditions of the samples under study, affect energy consumption.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding the processing of corn and rice grains, the percentages correspond about 60% and 55%, respectively (Amantéa et al, 2018; Kasmaprapruet et al, 2009; Kumar et al, 2014). Alternative methods are studied to reduce energy consumption during the drying process, such as intermittent drying (Amantéa et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conventional and intermittent drying modeling of agricultural products: A review

Aranha

Defendi

Jorge

2022

J Food Process Engineering

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“…The following closely related phenomena are considered in an analysis of the drying process: heat and mass transfer in dried material and drying air; changes in the moisture content, density, and temperature of dried material and drying air; velocity and direction of grain and air flow [19,20]. Models with different degrees of generalization are applied to simulate complex physical phenomena and the mutual relationships between these processes: (a) convective drying models for solids; (b) convective drying models for grain layers.…”

Section: Drying Chamber 231 Classification Of the Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generalized Mathematical Model of the Grain Drying Process

Myhan

Markowski²

2022

Processes

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Convective cereal grain drying is an energy-intensive process. Mathematical models are applied to analyze and optimize grain drying processes in different types of dryers and in different stages of drying to improve final grain quality and reduce energy consumption. The aim of the present study was to develop a generalized mathematical model of the grain drying process that accounts for all drying stages, including loading and unloading of unprocessed grain, drying, and cooling of dry grain. The developed mathematical model is a system of algebraic equations, where the calculated coefficients are determined by the thermophysical and diffusive properties of dried grain. The model was validated for batch drying of wheat, canola, and corn grain, as well as continuous flow drying of wheat grain. The results were compared with published findings. The relationships between energy consumption during drying and drying time vs. air temperature at the dryer inlet and air stream volume were determined. Dryer capacity and drying conditions specified by the manufacturers, as well as loading and unloading capacity, were considered during batch drying. Continuous flow drying simulations were conducted in counter-flow, parallel-flow, and cross-flow mode. Simulation results indicate that the proposed models correctly depicted process flow in both batch and continuous flow dryers.

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“…1). До таких заходів відносяться двостадійне сушіння качанів із досушуванням у зерні, повертання відпрацьованого теплоносія в зону сушіння (рецеркуляція), застосування гранично допустимих температур нагріву качанів (Atanazevich, 1989;Kyrpa, 1986;Stankevych et al, 1997;Alejnikov, 2002;Fushimi & Fukui, 2014;Amantea et al, 2018).…”

Section: вступunclassified

Energy-saving drying of corn seeds

Kyrpa¹,

Kulyk²

2019

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In the process of post-harvest processing of corn seeds, the thermal drying of wet cob is the most energy-efficient operation. It depends on the value of the produce-the seeds and its competitiveness on the market. Today, the problem of energy saving becomes more relevant in connection with a significant increase in prices for energy materials, the cost of which is about 90% of all costs for the drying process. Different technical and technological methods of energy saving during drying of corn seeds, such as two-stage drying of cobs with pre-drying in grain, return of exhaust coolant to the drying zone (recirculation), application of the maximum allowable heating temperatures of the cavities (intensive drying) are investigated. The most practical value is the reversing and recycling of coolants, which reduce fuel consumption by 20-26%, fully preserve the quality of the seeds, do not require significant technical re-equipment of chamber corn dryers. The new method of energy saving based on the use of TPG heat generators working from corn cobs burning is determined and investigated. The technical and technological indicators of the operation of chamber corn dryer in the complex with the new heat generator TPG are investigated. The temperature regime corresponded to normative parameters and fluctuated within 38-43 °C. The ventilation regime under which the drying took place depended on the mode of access of air to the fuel and ventilation compartment. Full air access provided a specific airflow at the level of 1393 m 3 /h per 1 tonne of boilers satisfying the norm of 800-1000 m 3 /h. Relative humidity of the working hot air during the entire drying process was 10-12%. In experiments, the drying rate fluctuated within the range from 0.16-0.39%/h, the performance of one chamber-1.2-6.0 t-%/h, depending on the weight of the cobs, their humidity and exposure of drying. Drying on the energy-saving complex did not have a negative impact on the quality of corn seeds. Laboratory similarity of the studied hybrids was 95-98%, which corresponds to normative indexes. The yield of seeds dried in the energy-saving complex was at the control level, and in some cases exceeded it. Control was provided by seeds dried in a laboratory dryer at 39 °C with forced circulation of air and in premises at 20-25 °C. The economic efficiency of the new drying method is determined. The total cost of drying maize cobs with different types of fuel is diesel 1145 UAH/t, gaseous-665 UAH/t, corn cobs-250 UAH/t. In general, the use of new heat generators does not have any negative effect on the technological process of drying-its duration, dynamics and uniformity of drying of the cobs.

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Energy and exergy efficiencies as design criteria for grain dryers

Cited by 23 publications

References 35 publications

Conventional and intermittent drying modeling of agricultural products: A review

Conventional and intermittent drying modeling of agricultural products: A review

Generalized Mathematical Model of the Grain Drying Process

Energy-saving drying of corn seeds

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