Energy and Gaseous Metabolism of the Hen as Affected by Temperature

Barott, H. G.; Pringle, Emma M.

doi:10.1093/jn/22.3.273

Cited by 31 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The observed diurnal rhythm of oxygen uptake in the fowl is such that the highest and lowest values are obtained at 08.00 and 20.00 h respectively (Barott et al 1938;Barott & Pringle, 1941;Tasaki & Sakurai, 1969). The difference in amplitude from the mean daily V o> is 15-6 % in neonates and only 6-7% in older birds (Barott et al 1938).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of temperature and relative humidity on the thermoregulatory responses of grouped and isolated neonate chicks

Misson

1976

J. Agric. Sci.

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Measurements of O 2 consumption (1^), CO 2 production (T£o 2 )> evaporative water loss and rectal temperature (T r ) have been made and metabolic heat production (H), evaporative heat loss (-E) and respiratory quotient (RQ) calculated with individual and groups of 1-day-old chicks at constant ambient temperatures (T o ) in the range 20-43 °C and 80 or 20% relative humidity (E.H.).Minimal metabolism (10-7 kJ/kgJ/h) occurred at 35 °C. One-day-old chicks act as heterotherms outside the zone of minimal metabolism since neither H nor -E are sufficiently developed mechanisms to maintain homeothermy.Huddling allows chicks to maintain a higher T T at a lower H per unit metabolic body size.Reducing E.H. from 80 to 20 % raised the upper temperature survival limit (UTSL) from 41-5 to 43 °C.Panting was initiated when T a -38 °C and T r was between 39-5 and 39-9 °C.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of temperature and relative humidity on the thermoregulatory responses of grouped and isolated neonate chicks

Misson

1976

J. Agric. Sci.

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“…The chamber was illuminated with 12 V d.c. bulbs and housed in a sound-insulated room. Air temperature within the chamber was maintained between 20°and 250 C, i.e., within the thermoneutral range for adult fowls (Barott & Pringle, 1946). A 9-conductor shielded cable provided electrical connexion between the animal and recording instruments.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of catecholamines and adenosine derivatives given into the brain of fowls

Marley

Nisticò

1972

British J Pharmacology

134

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Summar1. Adult fowls (Gallus domesticus) with cannulae chronically implanted into the IlIrd cerebral ventricle and various other sites of the brain received microinfusions or injections of catecholamines, adenosine, 3',5'-cyclic AMP or its dibutyryl derivative. The effects of these substances on behaviour, electrocortical activity and body temperature were studied. 2. Behavioural and electrocortical sleep with fall in body temperature were obtained with intraventricular noradrenaline, a-methylnoradrenaline and isoprenaline; dopamine was ineffective. The doses required to elicit sleep were smaller than those affecting body temperature. Following mebanazine, the effects of noradrenaline were prolonged and doses of dopamine, previously ineffective, lowered body temperature and induced behavioural and electrocortical sleep.3. Noradrenaline, a-methylnoradrenaline, isoprenaline and dopamine infused into the hypothalamus induced sleep and lowered body temperature. Effective doses of noradrenaline, a-methylnoradrenaline and isoprenaline infused into the hypothalamus were one-twentieth to one-fifth those for intraventricular injection. Tachypnoea developed with isoprenaline and dopamine. Additionally with dopamine, there was deviation of the head to the contralateral side, together with repetitive jerking movements of the head. These effects were prolonged and intensified by mebanazine, whereas the involuntary movements with dopamine were greatly reduced by haloperidol. 4. Involuntary movements, but without sleep, were induced by infusing dopamine into the paleostriatum augmentatum; noradrenaline infused intothis site was ineffective. 5. In three of five fowls pretreated with aminophylline, 3',5'-cyclic AMP infused into the hypothalamus induced behavioural and electrocortical sleep; without aminophylline pretreatment, 3',5'-cyclic AMP was ineffective. Adenosine infused into the hypothalamus, following pretreatment of fowls with aminophylline, consistently induced behavioural and electrocortical sleep. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP infused into the hypothalamus of intact fowls elicited behavioural arousal, followed by bursts of electrocortical spikes (6 Hz) over both cerebral hemispheres, spikes subsequently becoming regular at 1 Hz. Clonic limb and body movements occasionally accompanied the bursts of spike activity, infrequently developing into convulsions. In fowl encephale isole preparations, in which dibutyryl cyclic AMP was infused into the hypothalamus, spike activity was confined to the ipsilateral hemisphere.

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“…In the first season, from June to October, 1971, we used five small, scrawny chickens with a combined weight averaging 3-8 kg (range 3-4-4-5 kg). The carbon dioxide output of this weight of chickens was estimated from the data of Barott & Pringle (1941) and Sturkie (1965), who gave values respectively of 14-16 and 12-24 ml/kg/min for daytime expiration rates of domestic chickens on various diets and conditions. Taking into account the fact that the birds were mature and used at night, a value of about 14 ml/kg/min (53 ml/min for the five birds) seemed appropriate.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

The range of attraction of birds as baits for Some West African mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae)

Gillies

Wilkes

1974

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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The long range orientation of West African mosquitoes to birds was studied using ramp-traps set up 3–23 m from the bait. The baits comprised chickens, ducks, pigeons and the carbon dioxide equivalent of the chickens. From the pattern of convergence of mosquitoes to the baits, it was shown that Anopheles melas Theo. and Culex thalassius Theo. were orienting to all the bird-baits from distances of at least seven metres. Responses to carbon dioxide were only apparent at a distance of three metres indicating the greater range of effect of the chickens over their carbon dioxide equivalent. Mosquitoes of the largely bird-biting C. decens group showed no long range response to any bait, even though they were entering pigeon-baited traps and to a limited extent feeding on the birds. Catches of A. melas in bird-baited traps were larger at the foot of a tall tree than in the foliage at 5·33 m; for Culex spp. the converse was true. Catches of Culex at 5·33 m outside the tree were smaller than within the foliage.

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Energy and Gaseous Metabolism of the Hen as Affected by Temperature

Cited by 31 publications

References 11 publications

The effects of temperature and relative humidity on the thermoregulatory responses of grouped and isolated neonate chicks

The effects of temperature and relative humidity on the thermoregulatory responses of grouped and isolated neonate chicks

Effects of catecholamines and adenosine derivatives given into the brain of fowls

The range of attraction of birds as baits for Some West African mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae)

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