Energy and Moisture Balances of an Alpine Tundra in Mid July

Terjung, Werner H.; Kickert, Ronald N.; Potter, Gerald L.; Swarts, Stanley W.

doi:10.2307/1550113

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The very high values of Terjung et al (1969a;1969b) were derived under an extremely transparent atmosphere and probably represent the upper extreme for midlatitude mountains. Data collected by us at an alpine tundra site in British Columbia throughout the winter, spring and summer seasons demonstrate the occurrence of two seasonal regimes: a winter-spring regime when the snow cover restricts the energy-flux densities regardless of atmospheric conditions, and a summer regime which is characterized by a relatively low albedo with the consequence that energy transfers are strongly controlled by variations in atmospheric transmissivity.…”

Section: Net Radiationmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Several authors have reported instantaneous values of K I approaching or exceeding the solar constant (about 1370 Wm-2) but usually only when local cumulus clouds around the solar disc produced a focusing effect. Terjung et al (1969a;1969b) measured K I values approaching the solar constant at elevations of about 4000 m at Californian sites, apparently without any focusing effects from clouds. The predominance of cloudless sky data in published alpine solar radiation studies unfortunately disguises the fact that mountain ranges typically experience more cloud cover than nonmountainous terrain.…”

Section: Energy Budgetmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Methodological problems experienced in mountain studies have included insufficient measurement frequency (Aufdemberge, 1974;LeDrew, 1975b) and instrument error or failure (Terjung et al, 1969b). The results of Terjung et al (1969a;1969b) andHackel (1978) refer to measurement periods of only one day or less.…”

Section: Energy Budgetmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Net radiation has been empirically modelled for snow-free alpine tundra surfaces in North American mountains by Bailey et al (1989) and Huo and Bailey (1992) in the Rocky Mountains of Alberta, by Terjung et al ( 1969a;1969b) in the White Mountains of California, by in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado and by us in the Cascade Mountains of British Columbia (see Table 3). All these studies presented linear regressions between Q * and K l for midlatitude alpine surfaces with similar albedos and so offer the potential for meaningful intercomparison.…”

Section: Net Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radiation and energy budgets of alpine tundra environments of North America

Saunders

Bailey

1994

Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment

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Recent physical climatology research from North American alpine tundra environments is summarized and directions for further research suggested. Despite a rather limited database, the essential themes in the physical climatology of alpine tundra are understood. With numerous permutations of slope angle, azimuth and surface types in the alpine zone, generalizations of alpine tundra radiation and energy balances are hard to define. Several aspects of the alpine tundra radiation budget are very similar to nonalpine ones, such as the controls exerted on net radiation by atmospheric and surface conditions, and the strong relation between global solar radiation and net radiation. The larger inputs of solar radiation experienced at high altitudes are typically offset by the moderating effects of orographic clouds. Turbulent energy flux partitioning is dependent upon both the effects of macroscale weather and microscale variations in surface soil moisture. Evaporation regimes tend to be moisture-limiting in the dry tundra and energy-limiting in wetter alpine/ subalpine meadows, but there are also significant season-to-season variations. Theory suggests that the surface heterogeneity common to the alpine zone must at times stimulate vigourous horizontal heat advection at a wide range of spatial scales, but the true significance of this process remains almost entirely undocumented. Suggested future research directions include analyses of the spatial variations of albedo, the role of sloping surfaces, and the relative importance of atmospheric and surface controls on the energy balance.

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Section: Net Radiationmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Energy Budgetmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Energy Budgetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Net Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Radiation and energy budgets of alpine tundra environments of North America

Saunders

Bailey

1994

Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment

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“…When the five sectors were averaged, mean radiant sky temperature (Tsky) resulted. This procedure of sky sampling has been utilized during several previous studies [28,29,30,31,32,27] and has always given satisfactory results when such computed net radiation values were compared with the observations of'the independent net radiation system. Tsky was converted to ly rain -1 by e o T 4 (e = 0.9).…”

Section: Instrumentation and Basic Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of a cyclonic storm on the energy fluxes at the urban interface — A preliminary experiment

Terjung¹

1971

Arch. Met. Geoph. Biokl. B.

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SummaryThe spatial and temporal variations of the energy and moisture budgets of a megalopolis (Los Angeles basin) were examined during a frontal passage February 23, 1969) and during an extremely clear day (March 4, 1969) in order to determine the existing continuum of possible extremes during that season. The distributional aspects of solar radiation (direct and diffuse), reflected solar radiation, net radiation, latent heat flux, sensible heat flux, and heat flux in or out of the urban interface were examined. Budgets of input and output of the storm study were contrasted with those of the clear day study. Also measured and compared were actual surface temperatures, terrain radiant temperatures, radiant sky temperatures, and dry and wet-bulb temperatures. Especially in the case of the clear day investigation, a series of empirical and physical-theoretical models were tested and proved to be rather realistic in comparison with actual observations in the field. Such models were less successful during the storm when the city surface received extremely low amounts of energy. Especially striking were the multitude of energy processes and their probable causes during the storm. The frontal passage caused a reduction of 92 ~ of the absorbed solar radiation as compared to the clear day. Infrared components of the budget were much less affected.

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Light and Energy Environments of Chaparral and Matorral in Southern California and Central Chile

Miller

1981

Components of Productivity of Mediterranean-Climate Regions Basic and Applied Aspects

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Energy and Moisture Balances of an Alpine Tundra in Mid July

Cited by 21 publications

References 30 publications

Radiation and energy budgets of alpine tundra environments of North America

Radiation and energy budgets of alpine tundra environments of North America

The effect of a cyclonic storm on the energy fluxes at the urban interface — A preliminary experiment

Light and Energy Environments of Chaparral and Matorral in Southern California and Central Chile

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