Energy and protein requirements of weaned male and female Saanen goats

Figueiredo, F. O. M.; Leite, Rafael Fernandes; St-Pierre, N.R.; Resende, Kléber Tomás de; Almeida, A. K.; Souza, Antônio Pereira de; Teixeira, Izabelle Auxiliadora Molina de Almeida

doi:10.1111/jpn.12539

Cited by 14 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The DMI of goats fed ad libitum was on average 63.0% greater (P < 0.01) than for those fed 1.2 × L (Table 3), throughout the entire experimental period. For instance, observed DMI (3% BW) was lower than the 4% BW predicted by the AFRC (1998), but similar to that reported previously for Saanen kids (FIGUEIREDO et al, 2017). 1 n = number of animals subjected to the metabolism trial; BW = body weight; DMI = dry matter intake; CPI = crude protein intake; GEI = gross energy intake; MEI = metabolizable energy intake; DDM = digestibility of dry matter; DCP = digestibility of crude protein; DGE = digestibility of gross energy and q = metabolizability (ME/GE).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…As expected, the intercept estimate did not differ from zero (P = 0.67). The same value was reported by Figueiredo et al (2017) and is within the wide range of values for k g reported in the literature; i.e., 0.30 to 0.65 (REID et al, 1980). Because protein deposition efficiency is lower than that reported for fat, varying from 0.1 to 0.40 for protein and from 0.60 to 0.84 for fat (ARC, 1980), goats depositing more protein than fat (e.g., intact males, growing animals) have lower k g .…”

supporting

confidence: 88%

“…Thus, sources of variation in ME m may be due to NE m and k m estimates. The estimated value of k m in the present study is within theoretical values for ruminants, from 0.60 up to 0.85; (ALMEIDA et al, 2015a;BOMPADRE et al, 2014;FERREIRA et al, 2015;FIGUEIREDO et al, 2016FIGUEIREDO et al, , 2017LACHICA;AGUILERA, 2003;REID et al, 1980;SOUZA et al, 2014). This wide range of variation may be due to the fact that efficiencies of energy use (k m and k g ) may change according to many factors related to environmental conditions, animal traits, and diet quality (AFRC, 1998;BIRKETT;DE LANGE, 2001;CORBETT;FREER, 2003).…”

supporting

confidence: 81%

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Energy and protein requirements during the growing phase of indigenous goats

Resende¹,

Ribeiro²,

Almeida³

et al. 2018

SCA

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The objective of this study was to investigate both energy and protein requirements for the maintenance and growth of indigenous goats, based on data from two separate studies. Goats were weaned at 79 ± 4.4 days of age, with milk and solid diet intake recorded daily. To determine energy maintenance requirements, 32 kids of 4.90 ± 0.302 kg initial body weight (BW) were used. Ten kids were slaughtered at 5.40 ± 0.484 kg BW to estimate initial body composition, with the remaining kids randomly assigned to one of two DM intake levels: ad libitum and restricted-fed (1.2-times maintenance level). Heat production (HP) was calculated as the difference between ingested metabolizable energy (MEI) and retained energy. Net energy requirement for maintenance (NE m ) was estimated as the β 0 parameter of the relationship between HP and MEI [HP = β 0 × exp]. Metabolizable energy required for maintenance (ME m ) was calculated iteratively, as HP = MEI. Efficiency of energy utilization for maintenance (k m ) was calculated as NE m /ME m . The intercept of the linear regression of retained CP on CP intake was used to calculate net protein requirements for maintenance (NP m ). Net energy and protein requirement for gain (NE g and NP g , respectively) were obtained using 26 kids fed ad libitum and randomly slaughtered at 5.40 ± 0.484 kg BW (n = 10), 15.8 ± 0.655 kg BW (n = 10), and 26.3 ± 1.27 kg BW (n = 6). The first derivative of the allometric equation (used to calculate energy and protein contents in empty body weight (EBW)) with respect to EBW yielded estimates of NE g and NP g . A Monte Carlobased method was employed to simulate variation in ME m , NE g , and NP g . This study indicated that the net energy required for maintenance is 310.1 ± 36.7 kJ kg -0.75 EBW, with ME m estimated at 499.1 ± 52.1 kJ kg -0.75 EBW and k m equal to 0.62. This study indicated that 1.246 g CP kg -0.75 EBW is required by indigenous kids weighing from 5 to 25 kg BW to meet their NP m . In addition, indigenous goats require between 186.6 ± 2.97 and 214.3 ± 12.9 g CP, and between 5.39 ± 1.49 and 9.74 ± 2.57 MJ to gain one kilogram of EBW. This study may contribute to future adjustments in feeding system energy and protein recommendations for indigenous kids. de 2 estudos. Os caprinos foram desmamados com 79 ± 4,4 dias de idade. Ingestão de leite e dieta sólida foi tomada diariamente. Utilizou-se 32 cabritos de 4,90 ± 0,302 kg de peso corporal (PC) inicial. Nesse momento, 10 cabritos foram abatidos para estimativa de composição corporal inicial. Os cabritos remanescentes foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois níveis de ingestão: ad libitum ou com ingestão de 20% acima do nível de mantença. A produção de calor (C) foi calculada pela diferença da energia metabolizável (IEM) ingerida e energia retida. A energia líquida para manteça (EL m ) foi estimada pelo parâmetro β 0 da relação entre C e IEM [C = β 0 × exp] . A exigência de energia metabolizável para mantença (EM m ) foi calculada quando C = IEM. A eficiência de utilização de energia para...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

supporting

confidence: 88%

supporting

confidence: 81%

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Energy and protein requirements during the growing phase of indigenous goats

Resende¹,

Ribeiro²,

Almeida³

et al. 2018

SCA

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“…Em outros estudos também foi verificada menor deposição de lipídeos em função da redução na ingestão de energia (BEZERRA et al, 2010;LISBOA et al, 2010;MARQUES et al, 2014). Mesmo em condição de restrição alimentar, os caprinos Canindé apresentaram deposição de gordura total no corpo superior à deposição em caprinos castrados da raça Saanen com pesos semelhantes (FIGUEIREDO, 2014), o que pode demonstrar a reserva energética como prioridade para as raças nativas e naturalizadas. Uma maior deposição de gorduras em raças nativas e naturalizadas também está atrelada a menores valores de energia líquida para mantença.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Desenvolvimento dos órgãos e deposição de gorduras em cabritos Canindé sob restrição alimentar

Bezerra

Medeiros

Neto

et al. 2016

Rev. bras. saúde prod. anim.

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RESUMOObjetivou-se avaliar o efeito da restrição alimentar sobre o desenvolvimento dos órgãos e deposição de gordura em caprinos Canindé castrados. Foram utilizados 21 cabritos confinados, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com peso inicial de 15,9 ± 1,03kg. Os cabritos foram alocados em três níveis de restrição alimentar (sete animais por nível): ad libitum (alimentados à vontade); restrição moderada (restrição de 20% em relação à quantidade de matéria natural consumida pelos animais alimentados ad libitum) e restrição severa (restrição de 40% em relação à quantidade de ração consumida pelos animais alimentados ad libitum). A ração experimental apresentou uma proporção de 55% de volumoso (Tifton) e 45% de concentrado. Aos 110 dias de experimento os cabritos foram abatidos com peso médio de 23,5 kg ± 2,5 kg. Esvaziou-se o trato gastrointestinal (TGI), a bexiga e a vesícula biliar e foram mensurados os seus pesos para determinação do peso de corpo vazio (PCV). Foram separados e registrados os pesos dos órgãos (baço, coração, fígado, pâncreas, pulmões, rins, sangue, TGI) e dos depósitos de gordura (cardíaca, mesentérica, omental e pélvico-renal). A restrição alimentar em caprinos Canindé afetou o peso absoluto dos órgãos e das gorduras (P < 0.05) que estão mais envolvidas com a função de reserva energética (mesentérica, omental e pélvico-renal), no entanto, não afetou o percentual dos órgãos em relação ao PCV (P > 0.05), indicando que mesmo sob restrição o desenvolvimento dos órgãos é proporcional ao desenvolvimento do corpo.Palavras-chave: adipogênese, alimentação, raça nativa, semiárido SUMMARYThe study aimed to evaluate the effect of feed restriction on the development of organs and fat deposition in castrated Caninde goats. Twenty one goats were distributed in a completely randomized design, with initial body weight of 15.9 ± 1.03kg. The goats were allocated into three levels of feed restriction (seven animals per level): ad libitum; moderate restriction (restriction of 20% on the amount of feed consumed by the animals fed ad libitum) and severe restriction (40% restriction on the amount of feed consumed by the animals fed ad libitum). The diet consisted of 55% forage (Tifton) and 45% concentrate. At 110 days of experiment, the goats were slaughtered with abody weight of 23.5kg ± 2.5kg. The components included the internal organs (spleen, heart, liver, pancreas, lungs, kidneys, blood) the emptied and cleaned digestive tract and fat deposits (in heart,

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“…Different feeding systems indicate that intact males require more ME M 273 than females (ARC, 1980;CSIRO, 1990;NRC, 2000NRC, , 2007. Conversely, individual studies conducted with goats have generally concluded that sex affects energy requirements for growth, but it does not affect energy requirements for maintenance (Ash and Norton, 1987;Bompadre et al, 2014;Almeida et al, 2015;Figueiredo et al, 2017). Therefore, contradictory results have been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy requirements and efficiency of energy utilization in growing dairy goats of different sexes

Souza

St-Pierre

Fernandes

et al. 2020

Journal of Dairy Science

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sex on the requirements for maintenance and efficiency of energy utilization in growing Saanen goats. A database from 7 comparative slaughter studies that included 238 Saanen goats was gathered to provide information for the development of prediction equations of energy requirements for maintenance and efficiency of energy utilization. The experimental design provided different levels of metabolizable energy intake (MEI) and empty body weight (EBW). The data were analyzed so that sex (e.g., intact males, castrated males, and females; n = 98, 80, and 60, respectively) was a fixed effect, and blocks nested in the studies and goat sex were random effects. For the development of linear and nonlinear equations, we used the MIXED and NLMIXED procedures in SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Nonlinear regression equations were developed to predict heat production (HP, kcal/kg 0.75 of EBW; dependent variable) from MEI (kcal/kg 0.75 of EBW; independent variable). Using the comparative slaughter technique, the net energy requirement for maintenance (NE M ) was calculated as the value of HP at MEI equal to zero. Additionally, NE M was evaluated based on the degree of maturity. The metabolizable energy requirement for maintenance was calculated as the value at which HP is equal to MEI. Efficiency of ME utilization for maintenance (k m ) was calculated as the ratio between NE M and the metabolizable energy requirement for maintenance. Efficiency of energy utilization for growth (k g ) was assumed to be the slope of the linear regression of retained energy (RE) on MEI above the maintenance stage (model intercept equal to 0). Efficiencies of RE as protein (k p ) and as fat (k f ) were calculated using the multiple linear regression of MEI above the maintenance (model intercept equal to 0) on RE as protein and as fat, respectively. Sex affected NE M (75.0 ± 1.76 kcal/kg 0.75 of EBW for males and 63.6 ± 2.89 kcal/ kg 0.75 of EBW for females) and sex did not affect k m (0.63). In contrast, sex no longer affected NE M when degree of maturity was considered on its estimation. The k g was different between sexes (0.31 for castrated males and females, and 0.26 for intact males), but k p (0.21) and k f (0.80) were similar between sexes. These results may be useful for improving robustness of the energy requirement recommendations for dairy goats.

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Energy and protein requirements of weaned male and female Saanen goats

Cited by 14 publications

References 24 publications

Energy and protein requirements during the growing phase of indigenous goats

Energy and protein requirements during the growing phase of indigenous goats

Desenvolvimento dos órgãos e deposição de gorduras em cabritos Canindé sob restrição alimentar

Energy requirements and efficiency of energy utilization in growing dairy goats of different sexes

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