Energy and the city: density, buildings and transport

Establishing the zero-carbon performance of compact urban dwellings

“…Wind generation, however, has also been shown to cause noise problems and have a low yield in urban locations (Watson et al 2008). Numerous papers have been published on the yield of PV, for example: Allen and Hammond (2010), Ren et al (2010), James et al (2010), Bahaj and James (2007); and with a specific focus on urban environments by Steemers (2003), Tian et al (2007) and Compagnon (2004). Huld et al (2008) show that a typical yield of a PV system in the UK is around 750-800 kWh/year per kWp-installed power.…”

Spatial planning as a driver of change in mobility and residential energy consumption

“…It highlights that decisions made at the neighbourhood and city levels regarding built volume and surface, orientation of faç ades and obstructions have important consequences for the performance of individual buildings in heating, ventilation and cooling [1][2][3]. Conversely, for the same level of insulation, lower density and detached types of houses tend to require more energy to heat than multi-unit developments or terraced housing [4,5].…”

“…Various studies argue that more compact urban forms would significantly reduce energy consumption, in both the building and transportation sectors [2,[19][20][21] by combining such factors as high density, mixing land uses and a better share of active commuting, whereas other authors [22] indicate that lower energy consumption may be achieved by decentralized concentration.…”

Mobilidade e adensamento urbano: aplicação de indicadores em estudo de caso no Distrito da Barra Funda, São Paulo

“…Esta proposta parte da premissa do adensamento populacional aliado aos espaços multifuncionais, onde a proximidade dos diversos usos (serviços, comércios, residências e empregos) com o transporte coletivo, rede de ciclovias e percursos para pedestres, torna as distâncias menores e fomenta os deslocamentos por modos mais sustentáveis (BEATLEY, 2000;ECHENIQUE;SAINT, 2001;KENWORTHY, 1999;ROGERS, 1999ROGERS, , 2001RUEDA et al, 2007a;STEEMERS, 2003).…”

“…Um dos destaques das cidades europeias é a abordagem da mobilidade, que consiste em coordenar o transporte e o uso do solo, integrar os sistemas multimodais, investir em transporte coletivo, adotar sistemas alternativos e restringir a circulação dos automóveis (BEATLEY, 2000;ECHENIQUE et al, 2010;KENWORTHY, 1999;ROGERS, 2001;RUEDA et al, 2007a;STEEMERS, 2003).…”