Energy and Water

Case, Linda P.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-06619-8.10001-5

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…15 The NRC defines SUL as the maximum concentration of a nutrient that has not been associated with adverse effects, and SULs are reported when data are available. 22 None of the foods included in our study exceeded the NRC SUL for Zn. To date, data are not available to determine the SUL of Cu and Fe in cats, and therefore it is unknown if some foods in our study with trace mineral concentrations in the upper ranges could have adverse effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…The liver is the preferential site for Cu accumulation, and excess dietary Cu is normally excreted in bile. 22 When Cu homeostasis is disrupted and excretory pathways are overwhelmed, toxicity occurs, resulting in free radical-induced oxidative damage and cellular toxicity. 27 A growing concern is the role commercial pet foods play in Cu accumulation in the liver of both healthy dogs and in those with primary and secondary hepatopathies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of iron, copper and zinc concentrations in commercial foods formulated for healthy cats

Summers

Stockman

Larsen

2021

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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Objectives The aim of this study was to analyze iron, copper and zinc concentrations in commercial foods and compare among food formats (dry, canned, raw), foods marketed by age category (adult 1+ years and senior 7+ years) and foods intended for adult maintenance vs all life stages. Methods In total, 112 commercial non-therapeutic food products marketed for healthy adult and senior cats were purchased in the USA. Foods were analyzed for their proximate composition. Trace mineral concentrations were measured using inductively coupled argon plasma–optical emission spectroscopy and described on a calculated metabolizable energy basis using standard modified Atwater values. Results Measured iron (median 58.4 mg/1000 kcal [range 15.7–379.0]), copper (median 5.6 mg/1000 kcal [range 0.8–13.3]) and zinc (median 47.6 mg/1000 kcal [range 7.6–128.1]) concentrations were highly variable among cat foods. When all food products – regardless of their nutritional adequacy substantiation method – were compared with the Association of American Feed Control Officials regulatory minimums, 13/112 food products had a mineral deficiency, of which a majority (n = 11/13) were raw food products. Raw foods had significantly lower trace mineral concentrations compared with dry food products and, except for copper, canned food products. Cat foods marketed for senior cats had higher iron ( P = 0.019) and zinc ( P <0.0001) concentrations than foods marketed for adult cats. Foods intended for adult maintenance had higher iron ( P = 0.003) and zinc concentrations than foods intended for all life stages ( P <0.0001). Conclusions and relevance Iron, copper and zinc concentrations in commercial non-therapeutic foods for adult and senior cats are highly variable. A minority of foods – mainly raw food products – were deficient in these minerals. It is unknown if some foods with high trace mineral concentrations could have adverse effects as studies are needed to establish safe upper limits for dietary intake of trace minerals in healthy cats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of iron, copper and zinc concentrations in commercial foods formulated for healthy cats

Summers

Stockman

Larsen

2021

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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“…The ingredients in each of the five experimental diets are summarized in Table-1. The results of the nutrient contents of the food additives and dietary ingredients and the chemical analysis of the experimental basal diet are presented in Tables-2 and 3 [2].…”

Section: Experimental Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DM is one of the most frequently diagnosed endocrine disorders in dogs and cats. More than 95% of diabetic dogs are affected by Type I DM versus 20% of diabetic cats [1,2]. Despite considerable progress in the treatment of diabetes with synthetic drugs, their associated adverse effects and sometimes reduced effectiveness overtime remain a major challenge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hypoglycemic efficacy of Rosmarinus officinalis and/or Ocimum basilicum leaves powder as a promising clinico-nutritional management tool for diabetes mellitus in Rottweiler dogs

Abdelrahman¹,

El-Banna

Arafa³

et al. 2020

Vet World

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Background and Aim: This study examined the impact of dietary fortification with rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and/or basil (Ocimum basilicum) leaves powder on glycemic status of dogs. Materials and Methods: Forty-five Rottweiler dogs were assigned to five experimental groups and fed an experimentally processed extruded basal diet that was either fortified or not fortified. G1 was fed the basal diet without any fortification (negative control); G2 was consumed the basal diet supplemented with a commercially available synthetic palatant (positive control); G3 was provided with rosemary fortified (at 0.05%) basal diet; G4 was provided with a basil fortified (at 0.05%) basal diet; and G5 was offered a rosemary and basil fortified (each at 0.025%) basal diet. Results: G4 and G5 exhibited a positive impact on growth performance traits. Dogs in G3, G4, and G5 showed significant decreases in serum glucose levels in comparison to dogs of the control groups (G1 and G2). It was clear that the inclusion level of 0.05% of basil leaves powder showed the greatest hypoglycemic action. Indeed, G4 dogs showed a reduction in blood glucose at a percentage of approximately 31% followed by G5 and G3 groups (16.25% and 14%, respectively). Furthermore, basil leaves inhibited the amylase enzyme activity. Both insulin and cortisol levels in G4 dogs were increased and reduced compared to controls, respectively. In addition, dietary fortification with rosemary and/or basil significantly increased glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase levels, while values for malondialdehyde and lactate dehydrogenase were decreased. Conclusion: It could be concluded that dietary fortification of dog diet with rosemary and/or basil leaves powder at 0.05% separately or 0.025% in combination might be used as promising modulators of blood glucose levels as well as clinico-nutritional management tools for the prevention and control of diabetes mellitus in dogs.

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Nutrition for kittens

Hemmings

2019

The Veterinary Nurse

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Nutritional requirements were set for dogs way back in 1971 by the National Research Council, with cats' needs going broadly unrecognised and certainly undifferentiated from those of dogs until 1986. However, the nutritional requirements of cats are very different from dogs in all stages of life, from pregnancy through lactation, their rapid growth period and throughout the remainder of their lives. This article looks in depth at each different stage of growth, noting some of the specific nutritional peculiarities of cats and provides important information to allow veterinary staff to make informed feeding recommendations to kitten owners.

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Energy and Water

Cited by 10 publications

References 10 publications

Evaluation of iron, copper and zinc concentrations in commercial foods formulated for healthy cats

Evaluation of iron, copper and zinc concentrations in commercial foods formulated for healthy cats

Hypoglycemic efficacy of Rosmarinus officinalis and/or Ocimum basilicum leaves powder as a promising clinico-nutritional management tool for diabetes mellitus in Rottweiler dogs

Nutrition for kittens

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