Energy‐aware intelligent hybrid routing protocol for wireless sensor networks

Abstract

Designing a wireless sensor network (WSN) energy-aware routing protocol is a thought-provoking mission. Thus, this article presents an energy-saving routing protocol for WSNs. The proposed protocol considers the energy level of sensor nodes and the distance to the base station to optimally determine the best route. It also takes advantage of the inherent complementarity of clustering techniques. The proposed routing scheme also exploits data aggregation to improve energy utilization and reduce communication costs. To choose the flawless route between a source node and the base station, ant colony optimization and A* algorithms are integrated. Finally, the performance of the proposed routing technique is compared with those of other existing up-to-date protocols. The results show that the proposed routing protocol outperforms them in terms of total energy consumption, network lifetime, stability period, and goodput.

An Energy Efficient Routing Algorithm using Chaotic Grey Wolf with Mobile Sink-based Path Optimization for Wireless Sensor Networks

“…Researchers of [13] employed the PSO algorithm to determine the path of the mobile sink to CHs. In [33] they presented another technique that integrated ACO and A* algorithms for finding the best energy efficient route between CHs and a base station.…”

TCRP: Trust-aware Clustering and Routing Protocol Based on Atom Search Optimization for WSNs

“…The two important techniques were used to improve the security data transmission first, using firewall and intrusion detection methods to determine the attackers in the path, and the second, trust-based routing protocol by performing the authentication using keys [12,13]. This technique obtains key generation, encryption, decryption, and key distribution to improve security [14,15]. Hence the novel trust model-based routing protocol achieves key-based authentication and calculates the node trust, network trust, and path trust to increase the security of the communication in the system.…”