Energy Balance of a Spark Ignition Engine Running on Hydrogen, Synthesis Gas and Natural Gas

Orbaiz, Pedro; Brear, Michael J.

doi:10.4271/2014-01-1337

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…They also comparatively analyzed the energy balance of the engine burned these fuels in Orbaiz and Brear. 13 The results show that the heat loss of the CNG engine increases after blending hydrogen, but it decreases with the increase in the excess air ratio (l), which is in line with the results in the literature. [14][15][16] Furthermore, they concluded that the flame propagation of premixed combustion and the heat loss in the cylinder make a great difference on the performance of the HCNG engine.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Combustion and energy distribution of hydrogen-enriched compressed natural gas engines with low heat rejection based on Atkinson cycle

Yang

Han

et al. 2019

Advances in Mechanical Engineering

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In order to reduce the heat loss and improve the indicated thermal efficiency of hydrogen-enriched compressed natural gas engines, this article presents a combination of Atkinson cycle with high compression ratio and low heat rejection on the hydrogen-enriched compressed natural gas prototype engine with 55% hydrogen blend. The combustion characteristics and energy distribution of the prototype and modified engines were investigated by simulation, and the conclusions are as follows: the pressure and temperature of modified engines are higher than those of the prototype during the combustion process. Compared with the prototype, the modified engines present lower peak heat release rate, but faster combustion after ignition, and their CA50 are closer to top dead center. Although the high compression ratio engine with Atkinson cycle generates more heat loss, its indicated thermal efficiency still increases by 0.6% with the decrease in the exhaust energy. Furthermore, the high compression ratio engine with low heat rejection and Atkinson cycle combines the advantages of low heat loss and relatively longer expansion stroke, so its heat loss reduces obviously, and 61.6% of the saved energy from low heat rejection and Atkinson cycle can be converted into indicated work that indicates a 4.5% improvement in indicated thermal efficiency over the prototype, which makes it perform better in terms of power and fuel economy simultaneously.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Combustion and energy distribution of hydrogen-enriched compressed natural gas engines with low heat rejection based on Atkinson cycle

Yang

Han

et al. 2019

Advances in Mechanical Engineering

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“…Eventually, there is a high unburned fuel fraction at the leanest operating condition (λ = 4.7) with significant engine out hydrogen emissions assumed. This behavior correlates with the excessively large COV of IMEP in Figure 6b at these conditions and must result in very poor engine efficiency (Figure 6c), as has been reported by others [57,58,63]. Figure 9 presents the associated variation in combustion phasing (CA50) and burn duration (CA10-90) with λ and spark timing.…”

Section: Transition To Autoignition and Knocksupporting

confidence: 72%

An Experimental and Numerical Study of a Hydrogen Fueled, Directly Injected, Heavy Duty Engine at Knock-Limited Conditions

Mortimer

Yoannidis

Poursadegh

et al. 2020

ASME 2020 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference

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This paper presents an experimental and numerical study of a directly injected, spark-ignited (DI SI), heavy duty hydrogen fueled engine at knock-limited conditions. The impact of air-fuel ratio and ignition timing on engine performance is first investigated experimentally. Two-zone combustion modeling of the hydrogen fueled cylinder is then used to infer burn profiles and unburned, end-gas conditions using the measured in-cylinder pressure traces. Simulation of the autoignition chemistry in this end-gas is then undertaken to identify key parameters that are likely to impact knock-limited behavior. The experiments demonstrate knock-limited performance on this high compression ratio engine over a wide range of air-fuel ratios, λ. Other trends with λ are qualitatively similar to those shown in previous studies of hydrogen fueled engines. Kinetic simulations then suggest that some plausible combination of residual nitric oxide from previous cycles and locally high charge temperatures at intake valve closing can lead to autoignition at the knock-limited conditions identified in the experiments. This prompts a parametric study that shows how increased λ makes hydrogen less likely to autoignite, and suggests options for the design of high efficiency, directly injected, hydrogen fueled engines.

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“…Based on the control volume over the engine shown in Figure 5, the steady flow energy conservation equation can be expressed as [16,21]:…”

Section: Methods For Studying Energy Transfersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wallner et al [15] performed the cycle energy analysis to investigate the losses involved in DI CNG operation compared to CNG PFI and E10 PFI operation at stoichiometric conditions. Previous studies by our group [16,17] investigated the effects of varying fuel composition on the performance of a spark ignition PFI engine using a first law energy balance, with a particular emphasis on lean burn. Rouleau et al…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study of Directly Injected, Spark Ignition Engine Combustion and Energy Transfer with Natural Gas, Gasoline, and Charge Dilution

Kar¹,

Zhou²,

Brear³

et al. 2022

SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr.

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This paper presents an experimental and numerical study of a 4-cylinder, downsized and boosted, spark ignition engine fuelled by either directly injected compressed natural gas (DI CNG) or gasoline (GDI). Three different charge preparation strategies are investigated for both fuels: stoichiometric engine operation without external dilution, stoichiometric operation with external exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and lean burn.In this work, experiments and engine modelling are first used to analyse the energy transfer throughout the engine system. This analysis shows that the early start of fuel injection improves fuel efficiency via lower unburned fuel energy at low loads with stoichiometric DI CNG operation. Charge dilution study then reveals that the optimization of fuel efficiency with EGR or lean burn requires a balance between the positive impact of lower in-cylinder heat losses and less pumping work, and the negative impact of higher energy losses to the exhaust, either via sensible enthalpy or unburned fuel, and lean burn is more efficient than stoichiometric EGR operation at equivalent dilution levels. Flame propagation is then examined using the results of premixed, turbulent combustion simulations. This reveals that increasing EGR and lean burn for both DI CNG and GDI decreases the flame speed, and this is shown to have a more pronounced effect on CNG combustion. Using premixed, turbulent flame theory of Bradley, it is demonstrated that changing the fuel from gasoline to CNG, increasing charge dilution or increasing engine speed all promote the likelihood of bulk flame quenching, which correlates with the measured engine-out unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) emissions and combustion ManuscriptClick here to access/download;Manuscript;DI CNG Manuscript.docx variability. This provides insight into the fundamental processes by which charge dilution impacts flame propagation and thus engine performance.

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Energy Balance of a Spark Ignition Engine Running on Hydrogen, Synthesis Gas and Natural Gas

Cited by 14 publications

References 31 publications

Combustion and energy distribution of hydrogen-enriched compressed natural gas engines with low heat rejection based on Atkinson cycle

Combustion and energy distribution of hydrogen-enriched compressed natural gas engines with low heat rejection based on Atkinson cycle

An Experimental and Numerical Study of a Hydrogen Fueled, Directly Injected, Heavy Duty Engine at Knock-Limited Conditions

A Comparative Study of Directly Injected, Spark Ignition Engine Combustion and Energy Transfer with Natural Gas, Gasoline, and Charge Dilution

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