Energy conservation by collective movement in schooling fish

Zhang, Yangfan; Lauder, George V.

doi:10.1101/2022.11.09.515731

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…H3 could be stated as the insect’s core tracking is maintained, and a richer input stimulus of neighbor motion improves individual tracking latency. While contemporary work suggests that the presence of neighbors may modify individual performance without direct adaptation, these studies have generally focused on how hydrodynamic interactions enable metabolic 61 or formation 62 , 63 phenomena. A theoretical and experimental basis to verify an analogous effect on tracking performance via information interactions in flying insect groups is comparatively less mature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insect visuomotor delay adjustments in group flight support swarm cohesion

Islam

Faruque

2023

Sci Rep

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Flying insects routinely demonstrate coordinated flight in crowded assemblies despite strict communication and processing constraints. This study experimentally records multiple flying insects tracking a moving visual stimulus. System identification techniques are used to robustly identify the tracking dynamics, including a visuomotor delay. The population delay distributions are quantified for solo and group behaviors. An interconnected visual swarm model incorporating heterogeneous delays is developed, and bifurcation analysis and swarm simulation are applied to assess swarm stability under the delays. The experiment recorded 450 insect trajectories and quantified visual tracking delay variation. Solitary tasks showed a 30ms average delay and standard deviation of 50ms, while group behaviors show a 15ms average and 8ms standard deviation. Analysis and simulation indicate that the delay adjustments during group flight support swarm formation and center stability, and are robust to measurement noise. These results quantify the role of visuomotor delay heterogeneity in flying insects and their role in supporting swarm cohesion through implicit communication.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insect visuomotor delay adjustments in group flight support swarm cohesion

Islam

Faruque

2023

Sci Rep

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“…The experimental system and similar experimental protocols are available in (56). To promote reproducibility, we reiterate the methodologies in detail and the additional experimental detail specific to the study of collective movement in turbulent conditions.…”

Section: Experimental System -Integrated Biomechanics and Bioenergeti...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Collective movement of schooling fish reduces locomotor cost in turbulence

Zhang,

Ko,

Calicchia

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The ecological and evolutionary benefits of collective behaviours are rooted in the physical principles and physiological mechanisms underpinning animal locomotion. We propose a turbulence sheltering hypothesis that collective movements of fish schools in turbulent flow can reduce the total energetic cost of locomotion by shielding individuals from the perturbation of chaotic turbulent eddies. We test this hypothesis by quantifying energetics and kinematics in schools of giant danio (Devario aequipinnatus) compared to solitary individuals swimming under control and turbulent conditions over a wide speed range. We discovered that, when swimming at high speeds and high turbulence levels, fish schools reduced their total energy expenditure (TEE, both aerobic and anaerobic energy) by 63–79% compared to solitary fish. Solitary individuals spend ~25% more kinematic effort (tail beat amplitude*frequency) to swim in turbulence at higher speeds than in control conditions. However, fish schools swimming in turbulence reduced their three-dimensional group volume by 41–68% (at higher speeds) and did not alter their kinematic effort compared to control conditions. This substantial energy saving highlighted a ~261% higher TEE when fish swimming alone in turbulence are compared to swimming in a school. Schooling behaviour could mitigate turbulent disturbances by sheltering fish within schools from the eddies of sufficient kinetic energy that can disrupt the locomotor gaits. Providing a more desirable internal hydrodynamic environment could be one of the ecological drivers underlying collective behaviours in a dense fluid environment.

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“…More recently, researchers demonstrated that while vision is sufficient for schooling in rummy-nose tetras ( Hemigrammus rhodostomus ) as they burst and coast in still water [ 113 , 114 ], the lateral line systems in giant danio ( Devario aequipinnatus ) is crucial for tail synchronization [ 115 ]. Experimental evidence also demonstrated that giant danio ( Devario aequipinnatus ) can form coherent schools in a dark room [ 116 ] and coordinate with a flapping hydrofoil or a robot that produces fish-like wakes [ 117 , 118 ]. It appears unquestionable that a certain level of schooling can be achieved in the absence of visual cues.…”

Section: Flow-sensing In Fish Schoolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of hydrodynamics in collective motions of fish schools and bioinspired underwater robots

Ko,

Lauder,

Nagpal

2023

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Collective behaviour defines the lives of many animal species on the Earth. Underwater swarms span several orders of magnitude in size, from coral larvae and krill to tunas and dolphins. Agent-based algorithms have modelled collective movements of animal groups by use of social forces , which approximate the behaviour of individual animals. But details of how swarming individuals interact with the fluid environment are often under-examined. How do fluid forces shape aquatic swarms? How do fish use their flow-sensing capabilities to coordinate with their schooling mates? We propose viewing underwater collective behaviour from the framework of fluid stigmergy , which considers both physical interactions and information transfer in fluid environments. Understanding the role of hydrodynamics in aquatic collectives requires multi-disciplinary efforts across fluid mechanics, biology and biomimetic robotics. To facilitate future collaborations, we synthesize key studies in these fields.

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Energy conservation by collective movement in schooling fish

Cited by 4 publications

References 78 publications

Insect visuomotor delay adjustments in group flight support swarm cohesion

Insect visuomotor delay adjustments in group flight support swarm cohesion

Collective movement of schooling fish reduces locomotor cost in turbulence

The role of hydrodynamics in collective motions of fish schools and bioinspired underwater robots

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