Energy Constraints of Localization Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN): A Survey

Abstract

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) localization is an important and fundamental problem that has received a lot of attention from the WSN research community. Determining the absolute and relative coordinate of sensor nodes in the network adds much more meaning to sense data. The research community is very rich in proposals to address this challenge in WSN. This paper, explores the various techniques proposed to address the acquisition of location information in WSN. The paper also evaluate the performance of these techniques based on the energy consumption, the skill and man hours needed to implement the technique and localization accuracy (error rate) and discuss some open issues for future research. KeywordsWireless sensor network, sensor nodes, localization centralized and distributed algorithm, range-based and rangefree algorithm.

Scalable SOCP-based localization technique for wireless sensor network

“…So, knowledge of nodes locations is an essential requirement for many location-aware applications including aforementioned applications, location-based services (LBS) and location-based routing. Several surveys discussed localization strategies and attempted to classify different localization techniques like [1], [2], [3]. Localization techniques could be classified according to all calculations being performed on a single node or distributed on all the network sensor nodes to centralized localization technique (e.g.…”

Radio Coverage Analysis of Anchor Nodes for the Localization and Monitoring of Smart Energy Meters (SEM)

“…Figure 1 shows the proposed clustered network of smart energy meters for locating and monitoring power consumption of users and other network functions. Localization is the process of determining the positional coordinates of sensor nodes whose location is not known apriori [1] [2] [3]. Localization schemes are classified on the basis of the strategies employed in determining the location of unknown sensor nodes.…”

“…Localization schemes are classified on the basis of the strategies employed in determining the location of unknown sensor nodes. Localization process that estimates the positional coordinates of unknown sensor nodes (static or mobile) relative to other sensor nodes with known location is referred to as an Anchorbased localization [1]. Anchor nodes are sensor nodes in the network that have their position known.…”

“…Localization schemes are referred to as Anchor-Based or Anchor free if the technique involves estimating the location of the unknown sensor node in reference to an anchor node or without reference to an anchor node respectively [4] [5]. Anchor nodes as shown in figure 1, are those nodes in the network that know their location by means of direct deployment at known coordinates, hard coding the location into the hardware or acquired by using locational systems such as a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver [1] [6][7][8][9]. The anchor nodes in figure 1 acts as both cluster heads and reference nodes with which all other nodes determine their location.…”

Comparitive Analysis of DV-hop and APIT Localization Techniques in WSN

“…Range based techniques [4] use range measurements like received signal strength [12], angle of arrival and time of arrival for location estimation whereas Range free methods omit the use of range measurement techniques, instead network topology and connectivity information is used to find the location of sensors placed in the network. Therefore,range free techniques overpower the range based techniques in terms of lesser power consumption, low cost, no extra hardware, less installation and computational complexity [5]. In return,these features of Range free techniques have attracted a lot of research efforts in recent years.…”