Energy Consumption in Unpuddled Transplanting of Wet Season Rice Cultivation in North West Region of Bangladesh

Islam, Akm Saiful; Hossain, Md. Belal; Saleque, M. A.; Rabbani, M. G.; Sarker, R. I.

doi:10.3329/pa.v24i1-2.19176

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Alam et al (2016) found that life cycle GHG generated by consumed fuel during preparing and irrigating land and harvesting made up 14 to 19 % of the on-farm stage life cycle GHG of irrigated rice. That irrigating rice crop shared major part of energy required for on-farm activities is confirmed by other studies of Islam et al (2013) and Khan et al (2009). On the…”

Section: Contributions Of Component Crops To the Cs Lca Ghgsupporting

confidence: 65%

Decreasing the carbon footprint of an intensive rice-based cropping system using conservation agriculture on the Eastern Gangetic Plains

Alam

Bell

Biswas

2019

Journal of Cleaner Production

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Emerging conservation agriculture (CA) technologies are being applied in rice-upland cropping systems and their potential to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions of the whole ricebased cropping systems could be significant in South Asia especially if they increase soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. A streamlined life cycle assessment was conducted in the Eastern Gangetic Plains (Bangladesh) to determine greenhouse gas emissions from successive crops of monsoon rice (Oryza sativa), mustard (Brassica juncea) and irrigated rice under CA practices in contrast with the conventional crop establishment practice while accounting for changes in SOC. The life cycle greenhouse gas tonne-1 rice equivalent yield was assessed for four cropping practices: a) traditional crop establishment practices with farmers' practice of minimal residue return, or b) CT with return of increased residues; c) strip planting (for mustard)/ transplanting on non-puddled soils (for rice) with farmers' practice of minimal residue return or; d) strip planting/non-puddled transplanting with increased residue return. The global warming potential values for the 100-year timescale were used to calculate CO 2 eq emissions within the system boundary. The net life cycle greenhouse gas emissions after allowing for changes in SOC sequestration varied from 0.73 to 1.12 tonne CO 2 eq tonne-1 rice equivalent yield. In the annual cropping system, methane (CH 4) released from on-farm stage of the life cycle assessment, particularly from the rice crops, represented the dominant contributor to life cycle greenhouse gas emissions. The greenhouse gas emitted by machinery usage during the on-farm stage (irrigated rice), CO 2 emission from soil respiration (monsoon rice), and greenhouse gas related to manufacture of inputs (mustard) were secondary sources of emission, in that order of priority. The non

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Section: Contributions Of Component Crops To the Cs Lca Ghgsupporting

confidence: 65%

Decreasing the carbon footprint of an intensive rice-based cropping system using conservation agriculture on the Eastern Gangetic Plains

Alam

Bell

Biswas

2019

Journal of Cleaner Production

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“…Bell et al [20] estimated an additional 131-145 million t CO 2 eq of C ha −1 could be sequestered in the rice-based cropland of the EGP based on results of a 4-5-year experiment (at Alipur and Digram, Bangladesh) implementing NP of rice followed by strip planting (SP) in place of conventional cropping. Zero tillage (ZT) rice and ZT wheat with residue retention in permanent raised beds increased the soil organic carbon (SOC) contents in the 0-10 cm depth sequestering the equivalent of 103 million t CO 2 eq ha -1 and 87 million t CO 2 eq ha −1 , respectively, after seven years in EGP [148]. Addition of crop residues under minimum disturbance practice protects soils from erosion and crust formation [78].…”

Section: Tradeoffs On Soc and Total Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Establishment Techniques and Their Implications for Soil Properties, Global Warming Potential Mitigation and Crop Yields

et al. 2020

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Rice-based intensive cropping systems require high input levels making them less profitable and vulnerable to the reduced availability of labor and water in Asia. With continuous conventional puddled rice transplanting, the situation is exacerbated by damaged soil structure, declining underground water and decreasing land and water productivity. To minimize these negative effects a range of new crop establishment practices have been developed (zero tillage, dry direct seeding, wet direct seeding, water seeding, strip planting, bed planting, non-puddled transplanting of rice, mechanical transplanting of rice crop and combinations thereof) with varying effects on soil health, crop productivity, resource saving and global warming mitigation potential. Some of these allow Conservation Agriculture (CA) to be practiced in the rice-based mono-, double- and triple cropping systems. Innovations in machinery especially for smallholder farms have supported the adoption of the new establishment techniques. Non-puddling establishment of rice together with increased crop residue retention increased soil organic carbon by 79% and total N (TN) in soil by 62% relative to conventional puddling practice. Rice establishment methods (direct seeding of rice, system of rice intensification and non-puddled transplanting of rice) improve soil health by improving the physical (reduced bulk density, increased porosity, available water content), chemical (increased phosphorus, potassium and sulphur in their available forms) and biological properties (microbiome structure, microbial biomass C and N) of the soil. Even in the first year of its practice, the non-puddled transplanting method of rice establishment and CA practices for other crops increase the productivity of the rice-based cropping systems. Estimates suggest global warming potential (GWP) (the overall net effect) can be reduced by a quarter by replacing conventional puddling of rice by direct-seeded rice in the Indo-Gangetic Plains for the rice-based cropping system. Moreover, non-puddled transplanting of rice saves 35% of the net life cycle greenhouse gases (GHGs) compared with the conventional practice by a combination of decreasing greenhouse gases emissions from soil and increasing soil organic carbon (SOC). Though the system of rice intensification decreases net GHG emission, the practice releases 1.5 times greater N2O due to the increased soil aeration. There is no single rice establishment technology that is superior to others in all circumstances, rather a range of effective technologies that can be applied to different agro-climates, demography and farm typologies.

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“…Farmers perceive the use of legumes, green manures and jute-based cropping systems as high risk due to knowledge gaps about cultivation and incorporation time for manures, which farmers think might disturb their regular cropping timing. The agricultural labour crisis (Islam et al 2010(Islam et al , 2013 is also a contributing factor. Farmers are therefore reluctant to use them and this has caused a deterioration of SOM content in soils of the region (Alam et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The agricultural labour crisis (Islam et al . 2010, 2013) is also a contributing factor. Farmers are therefore reluctant to use them and this has caused a deterioration of SOM content in soils of the region (Alam et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of change in soil organic matter, physical properties and crop productivity under tillage practices and cropping systems in Bangladesh

et al. 2016

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SUMMARYConservation agriculture (CA) is inadequately developed for rice-based cropping systems widely practiced in Bangladesh. The current drawback is the implementation of CA for all crops including rice (Oryza sativa L., ecotype ‘transplanted aman’ [T. aman]) to increase rice–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotation productivity. It is important to identify the best combination of tillage types and cropping systems to achieve a high yield of component crops and improve soil health. Three tillage practices, assigned to main experimental plots [namely, zero tillage (ZT), conventional tillage using a rotary tiller (CT) and deep tillage using a chisel plough (DT)] and three different cropping systems, assigned to sub-plots [namely, WFT: wheat–fallow–T. aman, WMT: wheat–mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek)–T. aman and WDT: wheat–dhaincha (Sesbania rostrata)–T. aman], were tested. After 4 years, ZT under WDT and WMT significantly increased soil organic matter (SOM) at 0–150 mm depth, and these replicates also held the highest levels of total organic carbon. Soil organic carbon (C) increased at a rate of 1.17 and 1.14 t/ha/y in ZT under WDT and WMT, respectively, while CT and DT under WFT were almost unchanged. After 4 years, SOM build-up by the three-crop system (WDT and WMT) under ZT helped conserve soil moisture and improve other soil properties, such as reduction in soil strength and bulk density and increase plant available water content, thus maintaining an optimum soil water infiltration rate. Zero tillage under WMT and WDT showed significant improvements in root mass density of rice and wheat at increased soil depth. The WDT and WMT plots under DT consistently gave the highest yield followed by WDT and WMT under CT, in contrast with ZT under WMT or WDT, which showed the highest improvement in crop yields over the years. In summary, minimum soil disturbance together with incorporation of a legume/green manure crop into the rice–wheat system as well as the retention of their residues increased soil C status, improved soil properties and maximized grain yields.

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Energy Consumption in Unpuddled Transplanting of Wet Season Rice Cultivation in North West Region of Bangladesh

Cited by 17 publications

References 12 publications

Decreasing the carbon footprint of an intensive rice-based cropping system using conservation agriculture on the Eastern Gangetic Plains

Decreasing the carbon footprint of an intensive rice-based cropping system using conservation agriculture on the Eastern Gangetic Plains

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Establishment Techniques and Their Implications for Soil Properties, Global Warming Potential Mitigation and Crop Yields

Patterns of change in soil organic matter, physical properties and crop productivity under tillage practices and cropping systems in Bangladesh

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