Energy Consumption Optimization of Real-Time Embedded Systems

Piao, Xuefeng; Kim, Heeheon; Cho, Yookun; Park, Moonju; Park, Minkyu; Cho, Seong-Je

doi:10.1109/icess.2009.43

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Some authors, such as Piao et al (2009), have proposed dynamic algorithms working in combination with static methods. These algorithms can be divided into inter-task and intra-task methods.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aydin et al (2004) presents a generic dynamic reclaiming algorithm, as well as an adaptive and speculative speed adjustment mechanism. Dynamic frequency changes for periodic and aperiodic tasks are discussed in Piao et al (2009).…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several power-aware techniques have been widely addressed in real-time literature (Piao et al, 2009;Tavares et al, 2008;Aydin et al, 2006;Pillai and Shin, 2001). These papers have discussed dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) of the processor, also known as dynamic voltage and frequency scaling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High performance dynamic voltage/frequency scaling algorithm for real-time dynamic load management

Coronel

Simó

2012

Journal of Systems and Software

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Modern cyber-physical systems assume a complex and dynamic interaction between the real world and the computing system in real-time. In this context, changes in the physical environment trigger changes in the computational load to execute. On the other hand, task migration services offered by networked control systems require also management of dynamic real-time computing load in nodes. In such systems it would be difficult, if not impossible, to analyse off-line all the possible combinations of processor loads. For this reason, it is worthwhile attempting to define new flexible architectures that enable computing systems to adapt to potential changes in the environment.We assume a system composed by three main components: the first one is responsible of the manage-ment of the requests arisen when new tasks require to be executed. This management component asks to the second component about the resources available to accept the new tasks. The second component performs a feasibility analysis to determine if the new tasks can be accepted coping with its real-time constraints. A new processor speed is also computed. A third component monitors the execution of tasks applying a fixed priority scheduling policy and additionally controlling the frequency of the processor. This paper focus on the second component providing a "correct" (a task never is accepted if it is not schedulable) and "near-exact" (a task is rarely rejected if it is schedulable) algorithm that can be appli-cable in practice because its low/medium and predictable computational cost. The algorithm analyses task admission in terms of processor frequency scaling. The paper presents the details of a novel algo-rithm to analyse tasks admission and processor frequency assignment. Additionally, we perform several simulations to evaluate the comparative performance of the proposed approach. This evaluation is made in terms of energy consumption, task rejection ratios, and real computing costs. The results of simula-tions show that from the cost, execution predictability, and task acceptance points of view, the proposed algorithm mostly outperforms other constant voltage scaling algorithms.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High performance dynamic voltage/frequency scaling algorithm for real-time dynamic load management

Coronel

Simó

2012

Journal of Systems and Software

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“…Algunos autores (Piao et al, 2009) han propuesto algoritmos dinámicos en combinación con método estáticos. Estos algoritmos pueden dividirse en métodos inter-tareas y intra-tareas.…”

Section: Trabajos Relacionadosunclassified

“…En (Aydin et al, 2004) se presenta un algoritmo genérico de reclamación dinámica de instantes ociosos, y un mecanismo adaptativo y especulativo para ajustar la frecuencia de procesador. En (Piao et al, 2009) se investiga sobre cambios de frecuencia dinámicos para tareas periódicas y aperiódicas.…”

Section: Trabajos Relacionadosunclassified

Gestión de la carga dinámica de tareas de tiempo real con criterios de ahorro energético y su aplicación en el desarrollo de un middleware de control.

Parada¹,

Osvaldo²

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AgradecimientosAgradezco a todos los profesores y compañeros que de una u otra forma han colaborado en el desarrollo de esta tesis. Y en especial, a mi director José Simó cuya orientación, apoyo y susánimos han sido fundamentales para la realización de este trabajo.Igualmente agradezco a los miembros del Grupo de Informática Industrial del DISCA, con especial cariño a Alfons, Paco y Pascual, por su colaboración y acogimiento durante mi formación y desarrollo de esta investigación.A mis padres, Osvaldo e Idda, a Laura, Lucas y Noa por toda la paciencia, comprensión y motivación inyectada para la culminación de este proyecto. III AbstractThe development of embedded systems in industrial sectors such as railway, aerospace and automotive are based on Critical Real-Time Embedded Systems (CRTES). These systems face new challenges and demand related to increase of dependability, intelligence, connectivity, cost-size-volume reduction and energy efficiency. In this last topic is where this thesis expects to have a higher contribution.The global energy consumption can be combined with others criteria such as schedulability, communication delays and control application correctness, which contribute to determine the dynamic code movement and on-line load balancing in a system. The main goal of this thesis is the development of mechanisms for the management and optimization of energy consumption. These mechanisms are presented in the context of a distributed real-time control system and from the perspective of control kernel middleware. Let's consider a dynamic environment where an embedded and networked system operates with the support of task migration and processor frequency scaling. Assuming that the system knows where and when it must allocate tasks, we must perform feasibility analyses when each task arrives and departs on the affected embedded units. This guarantees that the temporal requirements of the system will be accomplished during the task allocation phase or delegation of tasks. Additionally, a new processor speed (frequency scaling) should be also computed to enable the system to adapt itself to the new computational workload and reduce energy consumption. And in this last is where the proposed algorithms in this work have their higher relevance. Although some authors have carried out these two phases (feasibility analysis and frequency scaling computation) separately, these analyses are strongly related and in some cases can be performed together.In this thesis, we present novel algorithm that perform feasibility analyses and compute new processor static frequencies based on dynamic voltage and frequency scaling techniques (DVFS). The frequency obtained as result of applying the algorithm proposed is the minimum processor frequency that minimizes CPU energy consumption while guaranteeing the fulfilment of real-time system constraints. The algorithm uses fixed priority scheduling schemes with deadlines less than, or equal to, the period of the tasks. Other propose of this algorithm is the use on-line during th...

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3D Image Encryption Using Integral Imaging Scheme and MLCA Technology

Kim

Piao

Cho

et al. 2013

AMM

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A new 3D image encryption method using integral imaging technology and maximum length cellular automata (MLCA) is proposed in this paper. First, an elemental image (EI) is generated by the integral imaging pickup process. The Wolfram rule is then selected and the state transition matrix, T, is created by MLCA. A random number matrix (RNM) is generated according to the MLCA rule. The generated EI and RNM are compared and pixel values are transitioned. Finally, a basis image is generated by another MLCA rule. The basis image is applied by performing a logic bit exclusive-OR (XOR) operation on the final encrypted image. This method changes the basic image information. Using pixel values to visualize image data gives better encryption results than the previous method. The robustness of the encryption method for lost data, including added noise or cropping attacks, was analyzed and the results of encryption method safety test experiments are presented using histograms.

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Energy Consumption Optimization of Real-Time Embedded Systems

Cited by 3 publications

References 25 publications

High performance dynamic voltage/frequency scaling algorithm for real-time dynamic load management

High performance dynamic voltage/frequency scaling algorithm for real-time dynamic load management

Gestión de la carga dinámica de tareas de tiempo real con criterios de ahorro energético y su aplicación en el desarrollo de un middleware de control.

3D Image Encryption Using Integral Imaging Scheme and MLCA Technology

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