Energy contribution of NOVA food groups and sociodemographic determinants of ultra-processed food consumption in the Mexican population

Marrón-Ponce, Joaquín Alejandro; Sánchez‐Pimienta, Tania G; Louzada, Maria Laura da Costa; Batis, Carolina

doi:10.1017/s1368980017002129

Cited by 181 publications

(190 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…the quality of the diet increases as income increases] and the poor spend a great proportion of their income on food) shows a positive obesity reviews correlation (in fact a disproportionate increase) between income increase and the share of the diet from fruits, vegetables, meats, fish, dairy and fats; Bennett's law has been borne out in empirical studies in LAC (116). Studies also show a correlation between income and the purchase of processed food in LAC (75,(117)(118)(119)(120).…”

Section: Income Growthmentioning

confidence: 98%

Obesity and the food system transformation inLatin America

2018

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Summary The Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region faces a major diet-related health problem accompanied by enormous economic and social costs. The shifts in diet are profound: major shifts in intake of less-healthful low-nutrient-density foods and sugary beverages, changes in away-from-home eating and snacking and rapid shifts towards very high levels of overweight and obesity among all ages along with, in some countries, high burdens of stunting. Diet changes have occurred in parallel to, and in two-way causality with, changes in the broad food system – the set of supply chains from farms, through midstream segments of processing, wholesale and logistics, to downstream segments of retail and food service (restaurants and fast food chains). An essential contribution of this piece is to marry and integrate the nutrition transition literature with the literature on the economics of food system transformation. These two literatures and debates have been to date largely ‘two ships passing in the night’. This review documents in-depth the recent history of rapid growth and transformation of that broad food system in LAC, with the rapid rise of supermarkets, large processors, fast food chains and food logistics firms. The transformation is the story of a ‘double-edged sword’, showing its links to various negative diet side trends, e.g. the rise of consumption of fast food and highly processed food, as well as in parallel, to various positive trends, e.g. the reduction of the cost of food, de-seasonalization, increase of convenience of food preparation reducing women’s time associated with that and increase of availability of some nutritious foods like meat and dairy. We view the transformation of the food system, as well as certain aspects of diet change linked to long-run changes in employment and demographics (e.g. the quest for convenience), as broad parameters that will endure for the next decades without truly major regulatory and fiscal changes. We then focus in on what are the steps that are being and can be taken to curb the negative effects on diet of these changes. We show that countries in LAC are already among the global leaders in initiating demand-related solutions via taxation and marketing controls. But we also show that this is only a small step forward. To shift LAC’s food supply towards prices that incentivize consumption of healthier diets and demand away from the less healthy component is not simple and will not happen immediately. We must be cognizant that ultimately, food industry firms must be incentivized to market the components of healthy diets. This will primarily need to be via selective taxes and subsidies, marketing controls, as well as food quality regulations, consumer education and, in the medium term, consumers’ desires to combine healthier foods with their ongoing quest for convenience in the face of busy lives. In the end, the food industry in LAC will orient itself towards profitable solutions, ie those demanded by the broad mass of consumers.

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Section: Income Growthmentioning

confidence: 98%

Obesity and the food system transformation inLatin America

2018

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“…UPFD already correspond to more than 50% of total energy intake in high income countries, such as the United States and Canada, and their consumption is increasing rapidly in middle‐income countries . Consumption of UPFD has been associated with unhealthy dietary patterns and with overweight and obesity in studies conducted in the United Kingdom, United States, Canada, Chile, Colombia, and Brazil .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15 UPFD already correspond to more than 50% of total energy intake in high income countries, such as the United States 16,17 and Canada, 18 and their consumption is increasing rapidly in middleincome countries. [19][20][21][22] Consumption of UPFD has been associated with unhealthy dietary patterns [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] and with overweight and obesity in studies conducted in the United Kingdom, United States, Canada, Chile, Colombia, and Brazil. 13,[31][32][33][34][35][36] A longitudinal study in Latin America, that included 13 countries, found a positive, strong, and statistically significant association between annual changes in sales per capita of UPFD and annual changes in mean BMI after controlling for confounding factors.…”

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confidence: 99%

Global trends in ultraprocessed food and drink product sales and their association with adult body mass index trajectories

et al. 2019

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Summary This study evaluated global trends in ultraprocessed food and drink (UPFD) volume sales/capita and associations with adult body mass index (BMI) trajectories. Total food/drink volume sales/capita from Euromonitor for 80 countries (2002‐2016) were matched to mean adult BMI from the NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (2002‐2014). Products were classified as UPFD/non‐UPFD according to the NOVA classification system. Mixed models for repeated measures were used to analyse associations between UPFD volume sales/capita and adult BMI trajectories, controlling for confounding factors. The increase in UPF volume sales was highest for South and Southeast Asia (67.3%) and North Africa and the Middle East (57.6%), while for UPD, the increase was highest for South and Southeast Asia (120.0%) and Africa (70.7%). In 2016, baked goods were the biggest contributor to UPF volume sales (13.1%‐44.5%), while carbonated drinks were the biggest contributor to UPD volume sales (40.2%‐86.0%). For every standard deviation increase (51 kg/capita, 2002) in UPD volume sales, mean BMI increased by 0.195 kg/m2 for men (P < .001) and 0.072 kg/m2 for women (P = .003). For every standard deviation (40 kg/capita, 2002) increase in UPF volume sales, mean BMI increased by 0.316 kg/m2 for men (P < .001), while the association was not significant for women. Increases in UPFD volume sales/capita were positively associated with population‐level BMI trajectories.

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“…Pizzas, sodas and juices were among the most consumed products among these age groups [12]. In low-and middle-income countries, the consumption of UPF is lower (18-35%), but young children are still their earliest adopters and their largest consumers [3,14,15].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%