Energy conversion efficiency in low- and atmospheric-pressure plasma polymerization processes with hydrocarbons

Hegemann, Dirk; Nisol, Bernard; Gaiser, Sandra; Watson, Sean; Wertheimer, M. R.

doi:10.1039/c9cp01567a

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…In particular, the energy conversion efficiency (ECE) is defined for Δ H = E th , as recently introduced for plasma polymerization. [ 56,58,59 ] For the latter, the maximum efficiency is, thus, limited to ~37%, as reached for E pl ≤ E th, considering Equation (). Similar energy conversion efficiencies have also been defined regarding both deposition rates and conversion rates with respect to the specific energy input in plasma polymerization.…”

Section: Basic Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma polymerization of hexamethyldisiloxane: Revisited

Hegemann

Bülbül

Hanselmann

et al. 2020

Plasma Processes & Polymers

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Activation reactions of molecules in plasma are investigated using plasma polymerization of hexamethyldisiloxane as a model system for plasma‐state polymerization. Underlying reaction pathways and film‐forming mechanisms are revisited based on a simplified macroscopic approach, considering the average energy available per monomer particle, Epl, in relation to the threshold energy, Eth, which represents an activation barrier for plasma polymerization. Basic principles are discussed involving averaged values for collision frequency, cross‐section, and reaction rate to produce film‐forming species combining macroscopic and microscopic quantities. Considering the energy uptake from the electric field by the electrons, the energy transfer from electrons to monomer molecules, and the conversion into film‐forming species, it is demonstrated that Epl/Eth is equally relevant as the electron energy distribution function for plasma‐chemical activation reactions.

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Section: Basic Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma polymerization of hexamethyldisiloxane: Revisited

Hegemann

Bülbül

Hanselmann

et al. 2020

Plasma Processes & Polymers

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“…Before depositing the PPF from an ethylene plasma an argon plasma pre-treatment step caused a slight cross-linking and improved attachment of PEG molecules to the film. The second process step was started at a pressure of 0.2 mbar to provide mild deposition conditions comprising low ion energies at the liquid-solid interface, followed by a reduction in pressure to 0.1 mbar to enhance the cross-linking during film growth [106]. The depositing step was followed by another argon plasma treatment to improve the adhesion between PPF and silicone backing.…”

Section: Materials and Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Processing of Low Vapor Pressure Liquids to Generate Functional Surfaces

et al. 2020

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The concept of depositing solid films on low-vapor pressure liquids is introduced and developed into a top-down approach to functionalize surfaces by attaching liquid polyethylene glycol (PEG). Solid-liquid gradients were formed by low-pressure plasma treatment yielding cross-linking and/or deposition of a plasma polymer film subsequently bound to a flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) backing. The analysis via optical transmission spectroscopy (OTS), optical, confocal laser scanning (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as well as by water contact angle (WCA) measurements revealed correlations between optical appearance, chemical composition and surface properties of the resulting water absorbing, covalently bound PEG-functionalized surfaces. Requirements for plasma polymer film deposition on low-vapor pressure liquids and effective surface functionalization are defined. Namely, the thickness of the liquid PEG substrate was a crucial parameter for successful film growth and covalent attachment of PEG. The presented method is a practicable approach for the production of functional surfaces featuring long-lasting strong hydrophilic properties, making them predestined for non-fouling or low-friction applications.

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“…The third process consisted of a pretreatment with Ar plasma, as described above, followed by a coating process to deposit an amorphous hydrocarbon (a‐C:H) film using 16 sccm ethylene (C 2 H 4 ) with a power input of 30 W. The pressure was initially set at 0.2 mbar for 1 min and was then reduced to 0.1 mbar for another 9 min. The higher pressure conditions provided mild deposition conditions with low ion energies at the liquid–solid interface, followed by enhanced cross‐linking during film growth by lowering pressure . For the resulting a‐C:H films, a thickness of about 200 nm was determined.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Top‐down approach to attach liquid polyethylene glycol to solid surfaces by plasma interaction

Gaiser

Schütz

Hegemann

2019

Plasma Processes & Polymers

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A novel top-down approach is presented to produce stable functional films from low vapor pressure liquids via plasma processing. Low-pressure plasma activation and deposition are examined to cross-link liquid polyethylene glycol (PEG-400) surfaces. After stabilizing the thus-obtained films on the liquid with a silicone backing layer, water contact angle measurements, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy imaging were used for characterization. The results show that PEG molecules are covalently bonded to the solid films providing high hydrophilicity. K E Y W O R D S immobilization of molecules, liquid substrates, plasma polymerization, plasma treatment, polyethylene glycol

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Energy conversion efficiency in low- and atmospheric-pressure plasma polymerization processes with hydrocarbons

Abstract: Revealing threshold energies in plasma polymerization processes with hydrocarbons by measuring the specific energy input (per monomer molecule) in low- and atmospheric-pressure plasmas.

Cited by 18 publications

References 68 publications

Plasma polymerization of hexamethyldisiloxane: Revisited

Plasma polymerization of hexamethyldisiloxane: Revisited

Plasma Processing of Low Vapor Pressure Liquids to Generate Functional Surfaces

Top‐down approach to attach liquid polyethylene glycol to solid surfaces by plasma interaction

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