Energy Cost of Walking in Normal Children and in Those with Cerebral Palsy

Rose, Jessica; Gamble, James G.; Medeiros, John M.; Burgos, Anthony E.; Haskell, William L.

doi:10.1097/01202412-198909030-00004

Cited by 37 publications

(61 citation statements)

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“…A recent systematic review with meta-analysis of available randomized trials, however, suggests that the evidence for improvements in strength and carryover to motor activity after strength training is not strong (Scianni, Butler, Ada, & Teixeira-Salmela, 2009). Children with CP have been shown to have poorer physiological efficiency than children developing typically (Kramer & MacPhail, 1994;Raja, Joseph, Benjamin, Minocha, & Rana, 2007;Rose, Gamble, Medeiros, Burgos, & Haskell, 1989) and a lower endurance to maintain activity across time (Bar-Or, 1996;Norman, Bossman, Gardner, & Moen, 2004;Unnithan, Clifford, & Bar-Or, 1998). Energy costs of walking are up to six times higher for children with CP and show greater variability compared with their peers without disabilities (Brehm, Becher, & Harlaar, 2007;Raja et al, 2007;van den Hecke et al, 2007).…”

Section: Secondary Impairments: Effects On Basic Gross-motor Abilitiesmentioning

confidence: 96%

A Multivariate Model of Determinants of Change in Gross-Motor Abilities and Engagement in Self-Care and Play of Young Children With Cerebral Palsy

Chiarello

Palisano

Bartlett

et al. 2010

Physical & Occupational Therapy In Pediatrics

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A multivariate model of determinants of change in gross-motor ability and engagement in self-care and play provides physical and occupational therapists a framework for decisions on interventions and supports for young children with cerebral palsy and their families. Aspects of the child, family ecology, and rehabilitation and community services may influence children's activity and participation. Aspects of the child include primary and secondary impairments, associated and comorbid health conditions, and adaptive behaviors. Literature support for the model is reviewed. A clinical scenario illustrates the use of the model as a framework for practice. The model encourages therapists to broaden the focus of rehabilitation services for young children with CP to include not only development of motor abilities but also comprehensive interventions and supports to enhance participation in daily activities and routines. Therapists are encouraged to consider how child, family, and service factors interact when planning interventions and evaluating outcomes.

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Section: Secondary Impairments: Effects On Basic Gross-motor Abilitiesmentioning

confidence: 96%

A Multivariate Model of Determinants of Change in Gross-Motor Abilities and Engagement in Self-Care and Play of Young Children With Cerebral Palsy

Chiarello

Palisano

Bartlett

et al. 2010

Physical & Occupational Therapy In Pediatrics

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“…6 Heart rate (HR) and oxygen uptake are linearly correlated during aerobic exercise. 7 This correlation has been demonstrated with regard to healthy adults, 7 individuals with cerebral palsy or healthy children 8 and individuals with SCI, all of them while walking. [9][10][11] Various reports in the literature have suggested the use of indexes to measure the displacement efficiency using HR as an alternative method of assessing energy cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Validity of heart rate indexes to assess wheeling efficiency in patients with spinal cord injuries

2014

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Study design: Cross-sectional study. Objectives: To validate heart rate (HR) indexes for the evaluation of energy expenditure during wheelchair propulsion in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). Setting: SARAH Rehabilitation Hospital Network-Brasilia, Brazil. Methods: Forty-eight men aged 29.0 ± 7.8 years with a SCI between C6 and L3 causing complete motor impairment were enrolled in the study. The assessment consisted of 5 min of rest while seated in the wheelchair, followed by 5 min of wheelchair propulsion at a self-selected comfortable speed. The main outcomes measured were oxygen consumption, HR, physiological cost index (PCI), total heart beat index (THBI) and propulsion cardiac cost index (PCCI). Results: Using oxygen uptake as gold standard, the highest correlations were found between this and PCCI (r ¼ 0.59, Po0.001, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.36-0.75) and THBI (r ¼ 0.58, Po0.001, 95% CI 0.36-74.0), independently of the injury level. The PCI had the lowest correlation coefficient (r ¼ 0.38, Po0.01, 95% CI 0.11-0.60). Spearman correlation analysis showed that the indexes mostly associated with lesion level were PCCI (r ¼ À0.531; Po0.001; 95% CI À0.708 to À0.291) and THBI (r ¼ À0.524; Po0.001; 95% CI À0.704 to À0.282). Conclusions: Both THBI and PCCI seem to be valid measures for assessing energy expenditure. Both indexes showed a coherent correlation with the spinal injury level.

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“…One of the primary problems with gait abnormalities in the child with CP is increased energy utilization [Rose et al, 1989]. The goals of intervention should be to decrease the energy utilized by decreasing spasticity with the use of botulinum toxin [Cosgrove et al, 1994;Koman et al, 1994], selective posterior rhizotomy, intrathecal baclofen [Albright et al, 1993], increasing strength [Damiano et al, 1995], eliminating contractures through surgery, or providing aids, such as orthotics, crutches, or walkers, which support lower extremity weakness.…”

Section: The Gait Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These measurements may be direct measurement of O 2 utilization, estimation of energy consumption by heart rate monitoring [Rose et al, 1989[Rose et al, . 1991 or by employment of inverse dynamics using kinetic and kinematic data [Cavagna, 1975[Cavagna, , 1977Iida et al, 1987].…”

Section: The Gait Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%