Energy dependence of electron transmission through a single glass macrocapillary

Production of narrow electron beams using glass optics

“…Unlike in a previous report [2], transmitted electron intensities revealed three distinct regions with different characteristics instead of just two. From the geometry of the setup used in the experiment, the direct region of transmission for electrons (where the beam traverses the capillary without making any interaction with inner capillary walls) was for sample tilt angles  (with respect to the incident beam direction) less than 1˚.…”

“…However, when the tilt angle is larger (Indirect-2), more charge is needed to deflect electrons to a larger angle. Hence, Coulomb repulsion diminishes in importance, giving way to more inelastic and slow decaying scattering processes, as seen in insets The reason behind identifying only two transmission regions in the previous work [2] is because of the 10 times lower angular resolution spectrometer employed, which could not distinguish the variation of spectra going from Indirect-1 region towards Indirect-2.…”

Interaction of proton microbeam with the inner surface of a polytetrafluoroethylene macrocapillary

“…These conditions showed up certain difficulties, such as the imperfect parallelism of the capillaries [13] or the collective effect of the neighbouring capillaries. Later, to avoid these difficulties, the single, micrometre sized and cylindrical shaped capillaries came into focus [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. The advantage of using these types of targets is the many possible technical applications of them, such as to provide ion beams steering or focusing without external power supplies.…”

Energy distribution of proton microbeam transmitted through two flat plates

“…First experiments and theoretical calculations also were carried out using nanocapillary arrays with highly charged heavy ions (HCIs). Later single microcapillaries were used to avoid collective effects of the neighbouring tubes and other difficulties such as the imperfect parallelism of the capillaries [9][10][11]22,24].…”