Energy-dependent fragmentation cross sections of relativisticC12

Abstract

The fragment production excitation functions of 12 C interacting with carbon nuclei were measured in the energy range of 100-400 MeV/u. To measure cross sections as excitation functions, fragments produced from a thick carbon target bombarded with a monoenergetic 12 C ion beam were detected by a telescope detector placed behind the target. By this measurement, eight isotopes-11 B, 10 B, 10 Be, 9 Be, 7 Be, 8 Li, 7 Li, and 6 Li-were identified, and the energy dependence of their production cross sections in the few 100 MeV/u range was obtained. Based on the measured cross sections, the JAERI quantum molecular dynamics model was updated to incorporate the mechanisms particularly important for peripheral collisions. The improved version of the model coupled with a statistical decay model reproduces the measured data typically within a few 10% of difference.

Benchmark study of the recent version of the PHITS code

“…To describe the discrete levels of the excited nucleus for lighter targets such as Li, Be, and C, we have developed a computational model that combines the INCL model with a distorted-wave Born approximation (DWBA) [13,14]. The quantum molecular dynamics model JQMD version 2 [10], which considers the time evolution of particles interacting each other, is generally employed for nucleus-induced reactions in the energy region of 10 MeV/u-1 TeV/u. The generalized evaporation and fission model (GEM) [15] is used for simulating the static stage of both the hadron-and nucleus-induced reactions.…”

“…The benchmark calculations for a former version of PHITS (version 2.24) [2,3] were performed for accelerator shielding [4] and spallation reactions using protons [5]. In the past five years, PHITS was upgraded so as to incorporate the Liege Intranuclear Cascade model INCL4.6 [6], the algorithm and database of Electron Gamma Shower version 5 (EGS5) [7], a photonuclear reaction model [8], and the improvement of the quantum molecular dynamics model JQMD [9,10]. Although the latest version of PHITS (version 2.88) that includes these upgrades has been widely used in various research and development fields, a comprehensive comparison between experimental data and simulation results has not yet been conducted.…”

Integrated Simulation of Fragmentation, Evaporation, and Gamma-decay Processes in the Interaction of Cosmic-ray Heavy Ions with the Atmosphere using PHITS

“…The general purpose radiation transport code PHITS (Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System) incorporates a heavy ion reaction model JQMD ( JAERI Quantum Molecular Dynamics Model) [8,9], statistical decay model GEM (Generalized Evaporation Model) [10], and prompt gamma-ray production model EBITEM (ENSDF [11]-Based Isomeric Transition and isomEr production Model) [7] and therefore PHITS is capable of simulating prompt gamma-rays from heavy ion fragments. Prompt gamma-ray emission was simulated in typical conditions such as 10 AGeV…”

Production of the PET isotope 11 C in hadron therapy via neutron knockout

“…Only comparatively recently have dedicated systematic measurements of been made using thin targets at energies directly relevant to hadron therapy [6,7,8,9,10]. These studies have pointed to deficiencies in the modelling of the reactions of 12 C, highlighted by a recent Nuclear Physics European Collaboration Committee (NuPECC) report on Nuclear 1 e-mail: edward.simpson@anu.edu.au Physics for Medicine [11].…”